Nasal Cavity, Nasopharynx, And Larynx

Front 1

Nasal Cavity Anterior

Back 1

opening through nares posterior opening the choanae

Front 2

Nasal Cavity Lateral

Back 2

Anterior is made up of hyaline cartilage

Ethmoid forming superior and middle conchae, inferior concha (separate bone), maxilla, lacrimal, palatine, and sphenoid

Front 3

Nasal Cavity Superior

Back 3

Nasal bone, small part of frontal and cribiform plate of ethmoid

Front 4

Nasal Cavity Inferior

Back 4

Maxilla (palatine process) and palatine (horizontal plate)

Front 5

Nasal Cavity Septum

Back 5

Anterior is made of hyaline cartilage (septal cartilage)

Posterior/superior: ethmoid (perpendicular plate)
Posterior/inferior: vomer

Minor contribution from nasal crest of maxillary and palatine bones

Front 6

Nasopharynx

Back 6

Inferior to body of sphenoid bone and anterior to occipital bone, atlas, and axis.

Posterior to choanae and posterior superior to soft palate.

Anterior to pharyngobasilar fascia and superior pharyngeal constrictor

Uvula marks the end of the nasopharynx

Front 7

Superior constrictor muscle

Back 7

Associated with posterior aspect of nasopharynx

Front 8

Middle constrictor muscle

Back 8

Associated with lower oral pharynx

Front 9

Inferior constrictor muscle

Back 9

Associated with laryngeal pharynx

Front 10

External Constrictor muscles, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus: Innervation

Back 10

Vagus n.

Front 11

Innervation of stylopharyngeus muscle

Back 11

Glossopharyngeal n.

Front 12

External muscles of pharynx

Back 12

Constrictors (3; Superior, middle and inferior)

Front 13

Internal longitudinal muscles of pharynx

Back 13

Palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus

Front 14

Levator veli palatine: Innervation and function

Back 14

Vagus n.

Elevates soft palate

Front 15

Tensor veli palatini: Innervation and function

Back 15

Trigeminal n.

Tenses soft palate and opens pharyngotympanic tube

Front 16

T/F: Both of the palatini muscles have some attachment to the pharyngotympanic tube

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

How are the constrictors positioned relative to one another and what purpose does this arrangement serve?

Back 17

The constrictor overlap with each other.

This arrangement helps propel food down when swallowing.

Front 18

Frontal Paranasal Sinus

Back 18

Posterior to superciliary arches and nose

Drains through ethmoidal infundibulum into semilunar hiatus

Front 19

Ethmoidal Paranasal Sinus

Back 19

Anterior drains to middle meatus, middle to middle meatus and posterior to superior meatus

Front 20

Sphenoidal Paranasal Sinus

Back 20

In body of sphenoid; Drains to sphenoethmoidal recess

Front 21

Maxillary Paranasal Sinus

Back 21

Drains through maxillary ostium to middle meatus

Front 22

What is a clinical consideration associated with the ethmoid paranasal sinus?

Back 22

Infection of the ethmoid sinus can cause problems with sight because of its close proximity to the optic canal

Front 23

Which sinus is most prone to infection and why? How would you help the patient drain this sinus?

Back 23

Maxillary because the drainage opening is very high up on the nasal wall, with the majority of the maxillary sinus located below the drainage point.

Have patient lie on side to drain one maxillary sinus and then switch sides to drain the other.

Front 24

Pharyngeal Tonsil (Adenoids): Location

Back 24

Roof of posterior area of nasopharynx

Front 25

Tubal Tonsil: Location

Back 25

Near pharyngeal opening of pharyngotympanic tube

Front 26

Palatine Tonsil: Location

Back 26

On either side of oropharynx between palatine arches

Front 27

Lingual tonsil: Location

Back 27

Posterior area of tongue, posterior to vallate papillae

Front 28

Location of Larynx

Back 28

Inferior to hyoid bone and superior to cricoid cartilage

Includes the thyroid (aka. laryngeal) cartilage

Front 29

What is bleeding from ethmoidal/sphenopalatine areas associated with clinically?

Back 29

Cocaine addicts. Cocaine use erodes the septum and vascular tissue, causing intense nose bleeding.

Front 30

What are the three major cartilagenous structures in this area and what type of cartilage are they?

Back 30

Epiglottis-elastic.

Thyroid (laryngeal) and cricoid- both are hyaline

Front 31

What is the purpose of the arytenoid cartilage?

Back 31

It is the site of attachment for the vocal cords. This cartilage assists in pivoting vocal cords to change the pitch of the voice.

Front 32

What is the innervation and function of the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 32

Innervation: External laryngeal n. from vagus

Function: Tenses the vocal ligament by tilting the laryngeal cartilage (pivot cartilage forward, increase tension on vocal cords, increases pitch of voice)

Front 33

Transverse and oblique arytenoids: Attachment and Function

Back 33

Attach to arytenoid cartilage

Contraction adducts arytenoid cartilage, approximating the vocal folds, and closing the rima glottidus = Phonation

Front 34

Posterior crico-arytenoid: Function

Back 34

Abducts the vocal fold by rotating the arytenoids

Front 35

Lateral crico-arytenoid: Function

Back 35

Adducts the vocal folds

Front 36

Thyro-arytenoid: Function

Back 36

Pulls arytenoids forward to relax vocal ligament (shortens vocal ligament); decreases pitch of voice

Front 37

Aryepiglittoc: Function

Back 37

Closes opening of larynx

Front 38

Damage to which nerve will cause hoarseness?

Back 38

Vagus (a branch of which is recurrent laryngeal)

Front 39

Lymphatics above vocal fold drain to:

Back 39

Superior deep cervical nodes

Front 40

Lymphatics below vocal fold drain to:

Back 40

Inferior deep cervical nodes