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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evo Morales
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- Former trade union leader and coca growers’
activist • Democratically-‐elected president of Bolivia since 2006 • First indigenous president of the country • Strong anti-‐poverty and anti-‐corporate advocate |
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Efraín Rios Montt as a leader
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- former president
- army general who seized power in coup deatat - removed from power 1983 - worst atrocities of civil war - remained active in politics until 2011 Reagan endorsed him Efrain rios montt gave all power to the military |
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Efraín Rios Montt as a criminal
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Trial in 2013 convicted may 10th
The ixils were considered public enemies, the killing of them was planned beforehand First head of state convicted of genocide by a court in his own country Conviction overturned may 20th, but the trial will recontinue, January 2015 court will return |
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Otto Perez Molina
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Genocide
- current president of Guatemala - testimony of soldiers during montt trial have implicated him in genocide Soldiers on orders from tito arias better known as otto perez Molina, coordinated the burning and looting |
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Rigoberta Menchú
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dead parents from wars, involved in grass roots movements, and ran to Mexico, then traveled to France with human rights allies
Talks about culture, and racism, was a maid, worked in coffee fields, - and understanding how she became radicalized continued organizing in Geneva First indigenous person to get Nobel peace prize Eventually got to put Efrain Rios Montt on trial. First person to ever be put on trial for own country - maya activist and political organizer (fled mexico 1981) continued organizing in exile, given nobel peace prize 1992 (first indigenous) lawsuit against former president general efrain rios montt |
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Victor Montejo
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jakaltek scholar and activist
fled Guatemala in 1982 ph.D. in anthropology from university Connecticut professor emeritus in native American stidues member of Guatemalan national congress |
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Sequoyah
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Cherokee Syllabary:
Developed by Sequoyah Each character represents one syllable - one consonant sound plus one vowel sound |
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Daryl Baldwin
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- pioneer in re introducing native American languages in the home using archival documentation
focus on revitalization Miami university |
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Jack Forbes
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Jack Forbes: one of the founders of NAS as a study, was here at Davis. 1934 – 2011
- concerned with the way native americans are discussed in academic and popular cultural settings “Quite obviously then, there are many ways for classifying native groups, each with a different purpose or rationale.” |
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Spatial Orientation systems (Riverine)
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Many languages of NW California use terms like upstream or downstream are the basic way to orient ones spatial awareness
- turning a knob upstream or downstream pictures that are the same (man and stick) are not the same in a riverine language that only sees upstream and downstream and has no word for left or right |
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Spatial Orientation systems (cardinal direction)
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North South East West
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Blood quantum
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native americans are defined by blood quantum: amount of native American in your lineage
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Instrumentals (prefixes, suffixes) Kashaya
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Prefix: smash
suffix: with the mouth smash with mouth = baṭhašciw |
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Instrumentals (prefixes, suffixes) Classificatory verbs in Hupa
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Prefix: Sitan: A long object is lying there
Suffix: Siten: Living being is lying there |
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Inclusive vs. exclusive ‘we’ (in English)
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English: just one word ‘we’
“We’ll pay for dinner.” (Might mean the person you’re talking to has to pay too, or it might mean you and someone else will pay but the person you’re talking to is off the hook.) |
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Singular, dual, plural Inclusive vs. exclusive ‘we’ (in Native Language)
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Some Native American languages have a dual meaning: as in it means just me and another person
There are words for: You Me and another Me you and others Me and others but not you |
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Evidentiality
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Ways of indicating the degree of certainty and source of information of a statement
- did you personally experience the event you’re talking about? Or was it hearsay? - Mode of sensory access: hearing, touch, etc. English: John is stuck in traffic: <- you know for sure I heard John is stuck in traffic: <- hearsay about John in traffic I guess maybe John is stuck in traffic: <- a suggestion that it may be true but no solid reason to believe so |
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Laqaru (Andes) evidentiality:
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Based on, not based on personal knowledge, etc.
It is difficult for jaqi to believe that having a source or using a source for your info is important required common et |
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Linguistic relativity
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Our language doesn’t limit us but it does guide us into whole systems of belief and values
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Gendered speech
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Men and women have different tendencies to use language
- Pronunciation (many sound changes in english start with women) - Intonation - Word choice - Strategies for obtaining and maintaining the floor in a conversation |
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Gendered speech in Yana
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For Yana, the beginning of the words are the same, and for the women there is less stuff (last syllable is missing/vowel is whispered) also called “common” speech because it can be used for anybody, woman talking to man or a woman, man talking to a woman
Men’s speech (reserved speech) - man talking to man - man talking to mother-in-law - giving a formal speech to a mixed group |
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Kinship systems
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Anthropology has long been interested in the different ways that human societies can classify family relationships
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Some Hupa Kinship Vocab
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Theres a lot more differentiation in words for different relationships between people than English
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Navajo code talkers
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Express an English word: take first letter of an English word (starts with a)
Then translate a specific word corresponding to that letter into Navajo (a = ant = wolachii) Submarine = iron fish = beesh too |
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Hieroglyphs
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Earliest inscriptions from around 2300 YBP
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Logosyllabic writing system
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a given character might represent
- a whole word - a syllable - one or the other Decipherment of ancient script depends on understanding of todays mayan language |
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Syllabary
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Developed by Sequoyah (1767-‐1843) (Syllabary completed 1821)
• Each character represents one syllable – one consonant sound plus one vowel sound • Cherokee newspapers by 1828 • Syllabary |
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Winter counts
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Pictographs created by the Lakota Sioux
(Plains) – not a representation of language per se, but in the neighborhood • Each band had a winter count keeper (community historian) • One picture added each year to represent significant events |
