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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skin Functions (5)
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Protection
Temperature Control Sensory Excretion/absorption Make Vitamin D |
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Epidermis- what four types of cells are included
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Epidermis is composed of stratified squamous
-Keratinocytes- 90% (waterproof protein) -Melanocytes- 8% -Langerhans cells from bone marrow (immune funtion) -Merkel Cells (slow twitch) |
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Keratinocytes
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Make Keratin
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Melanocytes
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Make Melanin
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Langerhands cells from bone marrow
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Immune Function
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Merkel Cells
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slow twitch
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Layers of keratinocytes
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Stratum Corneum- 25-30 layers
Stratum Lucidum- 3-5 layers Stratum Granulosum- 3-5 Layers Stratum Spinosum- 8-10 layers Stratum Basale- 1 cells |
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Stratum Basale
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Dividing cells
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Psoriasis
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Skin disease- abnormal keratin, keratinocytes move outward faster
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Albinism
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Skin disorder- no pigment; melanocytes can't make melanin- recessive genetic trait
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What effect does smoking have on the skin?
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-Narrows blood vesels so less oxygen to skin
-damages collagen and elastin=wrinkles |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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78% of skin cancer- from stratum basale, rarely matastasize
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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20% of skin cancer- from squamous cells
Can be near lesion and can spread |
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Melanoma
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2% of skins cancer- from melanocytes
-Most dangerous form of skin cancer (sun/Mole) |
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ABCDE of Melanoma
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Assymetry
Border Color Diameter Evolving |
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If a wound is healing and just the epidermis was harmed what type of cells fill in first?
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Basal Cells
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If a would is healing and it is a deeper wound what kind of cells fill in?
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fibroblast (connective cells)
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What happens to the rate of epidermal cell replacement as we age?
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Slows down
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What happens to the amount of collagen in dermis as we age?
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Decreases and becomes less flexible
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What happens to sebaceous glands as we age?
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Become less active causing skin to be dry
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What happens to elastic fibers as we age?
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Elastic fibers clumps and becomes less flexible
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What happens to fat as we age?
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Less fat which causes wrinkles, sagging skin, get cold easier
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What happens to melanocytes as we age?
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Melanocytes decrease which causes paler skin, and less UV protection
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What happens to keratinocytes when exposed to the sun?
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Keratinocytes can't divide as well
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What happens to collagen fibers under sun exposure?
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Collagen fibers decrease
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1st degree burns
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Only epidermis
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2nd degree burns
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epidermis and some dermis
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3rd degree burns
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epiderms, dermis and other structures
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What are 2 big risk with 3rd degree burns?
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Infection and dehydration
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A man is in a swimming suit and is lighting a charcoal grill. He squirts much lighter fluid on the carcoals, then throws a match while holding the can, the air saturated and the can explodes. he is burned on his whole anterior surface except for the area below his knees. What percentage of his body is burned?
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41.5%
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Bacterial diseases of skin-
Staphylococcus |
Causes boils, carbuncles, absesses, styes, TSS (toxic shock syndrome) and impetigo (crusty oozing)
-Beta hemolytic |
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Streptococcus
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Causes- impetigo, erysipelas (dry/ scaly skin) "flesh-eating"
-Beta hemolytic |
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Pseudomonas
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Dermatitis, burns
Aerobe and blue/yellow pigment |
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Propionibacterium acnes
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Metabolizes sebum (oil, sebaccous glands), release FFA (Free Fatty Acids), body has inflammatory response
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Smallpox
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Variola Virus (last case was in 1977)
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Measles
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Rubeola Virus- MMR
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Rubella (German Measles)
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Dangerous to fetus
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Chicken Pox
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Vari cella- virus stays in body and can emerge later as shingles
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Warts
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Papillomavirus, some cause cancer
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Herpes
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Herpes Virus 1
Herpes Virus II Cold Sores- Latent |
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Tinea Capitis
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Ring Worm of the Scalp
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Tinea Corporis
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Ring Worm of the body
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Tinea Pedis
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Athletes Foot
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Tinea unguium
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Ring Worm of the nails
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Tinea Cruris
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Jock Itch
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What are some reasons why there hasn't been a case of smallpox since 1977
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Good immunity
Good vaccines human only no vectors no carriers does not change not latent |
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Callus
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A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone, an acquired localized thickening
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Cold Sore
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A lesion, usually in an oral mucous membrane, caused by Herpes Simplex Virus transmitted by oral or respiratory routes.
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Eczema
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An inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of red, blistering, dry, extremely itchy skin. It occurs mostly in skin creases in the writs, back of the kneesand fronts of elbows.
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Keloid
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An elevated irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing.
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Pruritis
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Itching, one of the most common dermatological disorders. It may be caused by skin disorders, systemic disorders, psychogenic factors or allergic reactions.
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wart
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Mass produced by uncontrolled growth of epithelial skin cells caused by a papillomavirus. Most warts are noncancerous.
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Pressure Ulcer
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Also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores.
Caused by a constant deficiency of blood flow to tissues. |
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Candida Albicans
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yeast infection of vagina- Thrush in mouth of babies due to passing through birth canal of infected mother- babies have compromised immune systems
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Normal Flora
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The microbes typically found in and on the body
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Osteoarthritis
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Degeneration of bone cartilage, often with age
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Osteogenic Sarcoma
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Done cancer
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Osteomyelitis
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Infection of bone, usually Staphylococcus
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Osteopenia
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Reduced bone mass
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Rheumatism
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Any painful disorder of bones, muscles,etc.
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arthritis
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inflammation of joints
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmine disease of joints
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Gout
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Excess uric acid in joints
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Myoapthy
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Disorder of skeletal muscle
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Myasthenia gravis
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Autoimmune disease that damages neuromuscular junction
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Muscular Dystrophy
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Group of muscle destroying diseases
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Osteopenia
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Sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle
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Cramp
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Painful spasmodic contraction of muscle
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Spasm
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involuntary twitching
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Tremor
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Rhythmic, involuntary, quivering movement
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