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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 life molecules` |
Protein, Lipids, DNA, Sugars |
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Bonding pairs and bonds |
A double bonds T, G triple bonds C |
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Coding direction |
5'-3' |
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DNA make up |
Sugar+Phosphate+base |
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Protein coding process |
DNA--->transcription--->RNA--->Translates--->Protein |
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What translates RNA? |
Ribosome |
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What is an Enzyme |
Catalyst for biological reactions |
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How do retroviruses create DNA? |
Transcribes RNA back to DNA |
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What are the 3 characteristics of DNA? |
Redundant, Continuous, Universal. |
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What is a promoter? What is it's code? |
1st coding region, ATG |
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What part of the genome codes? |
Exons |
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Other than the 2% coding region what are the other parts of human DNA? |
Transposable elements, promoters, sleeping genes and retroviruses. |
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How does DNA become a chromosome? |
DNA twists around a histon, histons twist to form the fibre chromatine, chromatine forms loop, condenses into chromosome. |
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How many chromosomes do most hummies have? |
46 |
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What is a prokaryotic organism? |
cell with 1 circular DNA molecule |
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What is a Eukaryotic organism? Give an example. |
DNA is packed into chromosomes, EX: Filthy hummies |
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How does DNA replicate? |
1. Enzyme unwindes DNA 2. Proteins stabalize 3.DNA polymerase codes leading strand 4. Lagging strand is flipped to be 5'-3' 5. In sections RNA polymerase adds primer 6. DNA polymerase extends Primer 7. DNA polymerase dissolves primer and replaces with DNA 8. DNA Ligase joins fragements |
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What is the half DNA, half RNA primer called? |
Okasaki Fragment |
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Explain how agarose gel separates DNA |
The gel is charged with a current, DNA being negatively charged moves to positive pole, the gel separates the DNA based on size. |
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How does the concentration affect the resolution? |
Higher concentration is better resolution for small DNA worse for big DNA, Low concetration is high res for big DNA low for small DNA. |
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A solution was shown to have an absorbance of 3 @ 260nm. The 10 micro liter plasmid was diluted with 100 micro liter of rnase waster what is the concentration? |
1,650 ug/ml |
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What are the up and down sides of Ethidium Bromide as a stain? |
+Sensitive +no destain time -mutagen -carcinogen -need uv light |
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What 6 things are needed for DNA cloning. |
Trick question: it's 4 things Cloning vector Origin of replication selectable marker restriction site |
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How does the size of a vector affect how a gene copies? |
The smaller the vector the higher the copy number. |
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E.coli was deposited onto a plate with IPTG, AMP, and X-gal. The e.coli was given a gene to reduce down silver nanoparticles, with LacZ and AMP resistance. After incubation all colonies are blue, were silver nanoparticles produced? How can you tell? |
No since all colonies are blue the LacZ gene recombined and produced beta-gal which means the gene of silver nanoparticle production did not get passed to daughter cells. |
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What are cloning vectors, origin of replications, selectable markers, and restriction sites? |
Stable replicating DNA fragment where replication begins Allows recognition of vector Where DNA is inserted |
