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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do you put first in the name? |
Any functional groups. They must be listed alphabetically. Some functional groups are put first, whilst some are put last. |
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Which functional groups go first when naming? |
Halogenalkanes Rarely alcohols Esters |
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What do you put at the front if a halogenalkane is present? |
Fluoro Chloro Bromo Iodo Depending on the halogen |
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What do you put at the front if an alcohol is present? |
Hydroxy |
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What do we look at for the next part of the name? |
The alkyl groups. If there is more than one, they go in alphabetical order. The number of the carbon they come off is before the name of the alkyl group. |
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What are alkyl groups? |
A group which branches off the carbon backbone and has the formula CnH2n+1. They are represented by the letter R. |
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What is the name for CH3? |
Methyl |
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What's the name for C2H5? |
Ethyl |
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What's the name for C3H7
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Propyl |
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What's the name for C4H9?
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Butyl |
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What's the name for C5H11?
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Pentyl |
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What's the name for C6H13?
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Hexyl |
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What's the name for C7H15?
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Heptyl |
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What do you put before the number of the carbon atom and the name of the alkyl? |
A dash |
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What do you put between 2 numbers? |
A comma |
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What is the third part of the name derived from? |
The number of carbons in the backbone or parent chain |
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List the names used for the number of carbons from one to ten |
1=meth 2=eth 3=prop 4=but 5=pent 6=hex 7=hept 8=oct 9=non 10=dec |
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How do we find out the third part of the name? |
We look at if it is saturated (no c-c double bond) or unsaturated (c-c double bond). If it's saturate, it has ane. If it's unsaturated, it has ene. |
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What may be the final part of the name? |
One of the functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid |
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What do alcohols end in? |
ol |
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What do aldehydes end in? |
al |
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What do ketones end in? |
one |
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What do carboxylic acids end in? |
oic acid |
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What do esters end in? |
oate |
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Which parts of the name are always next to each other? |
The alkyl groups and carbon chain. |
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What are the prefixes for multiple functional or alkyl groups from one to ten? |
1=mono 2=di 3=tri 4=tetra 5=penta 6=hexa 7=hepta 8=octa 9=nona 10=deca |
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What happens if it has a cyclic ring? |
The word cyclo goes in front |
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What don't alkanes have? |
Any functional groups |
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What do you put in front of ene? |
The number of the carbon it originates from |
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How do you number the carbons? |
In a way which gives the functional or alkyl groups the lowest number possible |
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What happens if there's multiple functional/alkyl groups? |
Separate the numbers they come from with a comma and put the prefix di, tri ... in front |
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What happens if there's more than one alkene group (double bond) ? |
Replace the 'e' on 'ene' with an 'a' and use a prefix to represent how many there are. Don't forget the numbers they come from as well |
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What do you do if you have an alcohol group? |
Replace the 'e' at the end of the 'ane' with 'ol' |
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What is the empirical formula? |
The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compoud. |
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What is the molecular formula? |
The actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound. |
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What is the general formula? |
The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series. |
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What is the displayed formula? |
This shows all the bods and how all the atoms are joined together in the structure. It is a full diagram |
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What is the structural formula? |
This shows the minimum detail required for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It just contains letters in a line. |
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How is a carboxyl group represented in the structural formula? |
COOH |
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How is an ester group represented in the structural formula?
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COO |
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What is the skeletal formula? |
This hides every c atom ad any h atom which is directly attached to a c atom. This leaves just the carbon skeleton and any functional groups. It's composed of lines |
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How do you show alkyl groups? |
A line |
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How do you represent a double bond? |
Two parallel lines |
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How do you represent any functional groups? |
A line with the formula at the end |
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What's the general formula of an alcohol? |
CnH2n+2O |
