Names In Social Psychology

Front 1

Bandura

Back 1

Social Learning theory- people are reinforced for imitating socially desirable behavior and so that's how they learn how to behave

Front 2

Kohlberg's stages of gender

Back 2

Cognitive developmental theory with 3 stages
1. Gender labeling at 2-3- they realize they are a member of one sex or the other and can label others
2. gender stability- marks the period when children can predict if they will be a boy or girl when they grow up
3. gender constistency- premanence of gender regarless of what one wears or how one behaves (4-7)

Front 3

Fritz Heider

Back 3

Developed the consistency theory of balance theory

Front 4

Balance theory

Back 4

Fritz heider- triangle- don't want to like something an enemy likes, don't want a friend to dislike something you like etc. resulting in changing attitudes about things or people

Front 5

Triplett

Back 5

published first account of social psychology- effect of competition on performance. Tripletts always compete!!

Front 6

Mcdougall and Rodd

Back 6

First social psych text books

Front 7

Cognitive dissonance

Back 7

Leon Festinger's theory. behaviors and beliefs should be in harmony. When there is conflict, people will act to reduce this dissonance.

Front 8

Experiment on cognitive dissonance

Back 8

peole asked to do something boring and then tell the next person about it for either 1 or 20 dollars. Those that did it for 20 said it was more boring than those that did it for 1 becuase they needed to explain why they were telling the next person to do it.

Front 9

Two types of dissonance

Back 9

free-choice and forced-compliance. Free choice is choosing between two perfectly equal alternatives, this will result in spreading of alternatives. Forced compliance is when the person is forces to behave in a way which is dissonant with beliefs and all you can change if your outlook on the process ie the classic experiment

Front 10

Daryl Bem

Back 10

Self-perception theory- you observe your own behavior to see how you feel about something.

Front 11

Aronson and Linder

Back 11

Gain-loss principle- an evaluation that changes will have more effect than an evaluation that remains constant

Front 12

Asch

Back 12

Conformity experiments, length of lines

Front 13

clark and clark

Back 13

Black dolls less preferred by black girls, used in brown v board of ed.

Front 14

Darley and Latane

Back 14

Kitty Genovese- two factors lead to not helping, diffusion of responsibility and social influence (other people's reactions will either spur or stop helping behavior)

Front 15

Eagly, Alice

Back 15

gender diffs in conformity (women conform more when under surveillance) due to different social roles

Front 16

Festinger-

Back 16

cog dissonance and social comparison theory (affiliation for comparison)

Front 17

Social comparison theory

Back 17

we are drawn to affiliate because of a tendency to evaluate ourselves in relation to other people. We (1) would rather evaluate based on objjective means but in the absence of objective means we use other people (2) the more similar, the more liekly a comparison will be made (3) If there is a discrepancy we tend to change our opinions to be in line with the group

Front 18

Hall, E.

Back 18

Proxemics- social distance

Front 19

Hovland

Back 19

studied attitude change...the more credible the source, the more persuasive HOWEVER over time, the sleeper effect kicks in and less credible sources become more persuasive

Front 20

Irving Janis

Back 20

Groupthink- groups will ignore discordant info in order to come to a conclusion and this is how decisions go awry

Front 21

Group decision making factors

Back 21

Groupthink, risky shift, caution shift (james stoner), group polarization

Front 22

Lerner

Back 22

Belief in a just world- people tend to dislike someone when bad things happen to them because they want to believe that things happen for a reason. Person getting a shock is negatively evaluated.

Front 23

Kurt Lewin

Back 23

leadership styles: autocratic (boys were more dependent, more productive, more aggressive, democratic (most satisfied and motivated), laissez faire

Front 24

McGuire, W.

Back 24

studying cultural truisms to see if the inoculation helped resist persuation

Front 25

belief perseverance and reactance

Back 25

BP- if you make an argument for something, you don't want to change your belief even when shown falsehood of beliefs. Reactance- if someone tries to hard to persuade you, you'll reject their position.

Front 26

Milgram, S.

Back 26

Obedience- shock the learner experiment. Stimulus overload theory-

Front 27

Newcomb, T

Back 27

Political norms at all girl's school. Parents different form kids.

Front 28

Petty and Cacioppo

Back 28

elaboration likelihood method of persuation- central and peripheral routes to persuasion. Central if you care periph if you don't.

Front 29

Schachter, s.

Back 29

Anxiety is related to the need to affiliate

Front 30

Sherif, Musafer

Back 30

autokinetic effect to study conformity and Robber's cave to study cooperation

Front 31

Zajonc

Back 31

Mere exposure effect- the more you're around za junk, the more you like it.
Also, the presence of others makes you better if you're good but worse if you're a beginner. Presence increases dominant responses, which are good if you have expertise but bad if you are a novice.

Front 32

Phillip Zimbardo

Back 32

prison experiment- deindividuation

Front 33

value hypothesis

Back 33

Risky shift happens in cultures that value risk, stock market etc