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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A bit brace holds what type of bit? |
Auger bits with a square tang |
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What are the 5 parts of an Auger bit, and what is the name of the bit brace part that holds the bit? |
Feed screw, spur, twist, shaft, tang. The bit is held by the Chuck. |
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What is special about a Yankee push drill? |
Pushing down on the handle (by hand) spins the bit clockwise. Only for small holes 1/16" to 11/64" in diameter.(it turns linear motion into rotational motion) |
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Can the bit brace hold various types of bits besides the Auger bit? |
Yes. For example the forstner bit, twist drill, screwdriver bit, countersink bit, bit stock drill, expansive bit |
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A bit brace usually has a _______ jawed Chuck ( number) |
Two |
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Hand drills usually have a _____ jawed Chuck (number) |
Three. Any bit that fits in a corded or cordless drill will fit up to 1/4" shank. Tool works best for small diameter holes. |
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What are some tips for maintaining bit braces, hand drills, and push drills? |
Lightly lubricate with oil or graphite. Replace broken parts. Store in way that tools aren't banged around or abused. Use appropriately and on right materials. Keep clean. |
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How do you sharpen an Auger bit? |
With an Auger bit file and only the flat faces of the spur |
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What are handsaw blades made of? |
Tool steel |
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What 6 terms are used to describe saw blades? |
Point angle, rake, rip, crosscut, set, kerf |
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Rake means... |
How far forward or backward the saw tooth leans into the cut. It can be positive rake (hook) or negative rake (hook), or neutral. It is measured in degrees of angle.(See point angle too) |
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What is the difference when cutting with a positive rake as compared to a negative rake? |
Positive rake grabs, is aggressive and rough. Negative rake is smooth and is a slower cut. |
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Crosscut blades are for cutting across or along the grain? |
Across or perpendicular to the grain |
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Ripping refers to what kind of cut? |
Parallel to the grain |
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What is the point angle on western style saw teeth? |
60 degrees - representing the total angle of the forward and backward angle of a saw tooth |
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Kerf means? |
The space left behind by a saw blade. It is determined by the set of the blade. |
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A rip blade has what shape of tooth and leaves behind what shape of kerf? |
Flat teeth offset left, right. Flat bottomed kerf |
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What do crosscut teeth look like and what kerf shape do they leave? |
Teeth pointy, leave triangle shape kerf |
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What rake do both crosscut and rip blade teeth have? |
Positive, when under normal cutting angles. |
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What are the back and front angles of the rip and crosscut teeth? |
Rip: 8° front Angle, 52° back angle. 8+52=60 Crosscut: 15° front Angle, 45° back angle. 15+45=60 |
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At what angle do crosscut saws work best? |
when held at 45° angle (which happens to be the same as its tooth back angle) |
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At what angle do rip saws work best? |
When held at 60° angle |
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What is the relationship between the number of points and teeth on a saw blade? |
Saws have teeth which are measured as points per inch. The number of tooth points per inch is always one more than the actual number of teeth per inch (tpi), since any measure of whole teeth will always include the point of the next tooth. Rip saws have larger teeth with somewhere between 4-7 points, compared to say, a dovetail saw, which may have 20-24 points. As the number of points increases so does the precision cutting obtainable with a saw. ( From ACS distance education site). Example shown in ILM. |
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If three saws are marked as having: - 4.5 points - 6 points - 23 points respectively, how many teeth do they have? |
- 3.5 teeth - 5 teeth - 22 teeth |
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What are the names of the parts of a saw? |
For straight back saw you would use the term straight back instead of skewback |
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Standard saw sizes are: |
Ripsaws - 26" (660mm) Crosscut - 24" (610 mm) Panel - 22" (560mm) Backsaws - 8-25" (200mm-635mm) Dovetail Saw (backsaw also) - 10" (250mm) Bead saw (very small) |
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When cutting across the grain the wood fibers are ________ When cutting along the grain the wood fibers are ________ |
Sheared (crosscut) Chipped (rip) |
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What is special about a modified handsaw? |
- teeth and sometime whole blade tempered (blue colour) - usually have plastic handle - Never meant to be sharpened - Support cutting materials that are made with adhesives (glues) |
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What is a panel saw good for? |
- Cutting plywood panels - Cutting across the grain (type of crosscut saw) - Installations Note: Teeth are finer and blade thinner than standard crosscut saw |
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Is a backsaw a rip or crosscut saw? |
crosscut |
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What is the shape of the handle of a backsaw? |
usually a 'D' shape |
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What are backsaws used for? |
- Fine accurate cutting (push stroke) - Shorter ones for dovetail work or fine crosscut work - Longer ones for mitres |
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Why do backsaws have a brass or steel spine folded over the back? |
To strengthen the blade which is thinner than a regular crosscut blade, and has a tendency to buckle without the extra support. |
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What is a disadvantage of the backsaw? |
The back limits the depth of the cut of the saw |
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What is a dove tail saw and what is it good for? |
- A type of backsaw - For dovetail cutting, but also for any type of fine cut in solid wood - Best for crosscutting |
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What are the three types of dovetail saw? |
- offset handle (left or right handed these allow you to cut very close to flush) - pivoting offset handle (can pivot handle to use with left or right hand using a springloaded bolt and wing nut setup) - turned wooden handle located centrally on blade (Leo thinks it looks like a long flat spatula with teeth on one side!) |
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What is a bead saw and what is it used for? |
A very small backsaw with tiny razor sharp teeth for very fine small work. Small steel horn on spine that can be held to guide saw with both hands |
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What is special about a Japanese Saw (in our kits) |
- saws on pull stroke instead - very thin blade and almost no set means very thin cut/kerf - can do crosscut and rip sawing no problem - You tend to replace rather than sharpen them - A good replacement for the dovetail saw |
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What kind of blade does a bow saw use? |
thin, narrow steel bands held rigid by tensioning the frame. Blades are interchangable and the saw can do rips, crosscuts, dovetails etc as a result. |
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What is a Veneer Saw used for? |
- starting a cut in the middle of a panel (rounded edges allow for this - making a square edge or v-joint in veneering (are right handed but can be put on different handle (block) for left-handed people) |
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What two saws allow you to start in the middle of a surface? |
Veneer and Flooring Saws because they both have a rounded edge by rocking the blade back and forth as you cut |
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Which two saws can be disassembled to make interior cuts? |
- The bow saw and the coping saw. Create a hole, insert blade, tighten in saw and go! |
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What is a coping saw? |
- U-Shaped Saw - fine replaceable blade stretched tightly/tensioned - Saw blade can be turned as you cut - can be disassembled to make interior cuts Used for irregular shapes in thin materials and coped joints |
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What is a fret saw? |
Like a very deep coping saw. Very fine blades. Used for marquetry, intarsia, and ornamentation (fret) cut out work. |
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What is marquetry? |
Using veneer to create decorative patterns, pictures... Source Wikipedia |
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What is intarsia? |
uses various species of wood to create mosaics that have illusion of depth - source Wikipedia |
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What is fret work? |
- cutout work in metal or wood. Source of picture: Shutterstock (google search) |
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Which is narrower and finer, the compass or keyhole saw? |
Keyhole sawWhat are hacksaws primaril used for |
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What are hacksaws primarily used for? |
Cutting metal, but can cut other materials with the right blade. Blades are high grade hardened and tempered steel. Blades must be harder than materials being cut. They are replaceable and there are many options for different materials. |
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When do you sharpen a handsaw? |
when it cuts slowly, with great effort, binds in kerf, doesn't cut straight line, needs maintenance! |
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How can you tell if a saw is dull by looking at it? |
sight a line from toe to heel and see if there are little points of light reflecting from teeth tips. A sharp saw has no reflections. |
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What happens when the teeth of a saw have been damaged along one side or not evenly set? |
Saw will not cut a straight line |
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What are the steps in sharpening a handsaw? |
Jointing, reshaping, dressing, setting and sharpening |
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What does it mean to joint a saw? How do you do it? |
To make the teeth level, the same size and shape. This requires a mill file and something to hold the surface of the file exactly square to the saws edge, and a saw vise Run the mill file across the teeth of the saw from heel to toe with light pressure until each tooth has a very small flat spot on the top. (This is true for rip and crosscut saws) |
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what does it mean to reshape a saw? |
To use a triangular file, held square to blade and level to floor, and starting at heel of saw and gullet of tooth, and lightly stroke forward until the flat area resulting from the jointing step disappears. Use same number of strokes and pressure on each tooth |
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what does it mean to dress a saw? |
After reshaping a burr is left on the blade. Dressing means lightly running a honing stone from heel to toe on both sides of the blade - ONCE! |
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What does it mean to set a saw - how? |
To ensure that the teeth of the saw have the correct clearance and are even on both sides. Using the sawset tool (set dial to correct number of points per inch) gently press the teeth to set them. |
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How do you sharpen the saw after setting? |
file each tooth one last time using only one light stroke per tooth |
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What is special about sharpening crosscut saws? |
Although the process is the same as for rip saws, the file must be held at a compound angle during the sharpening step, and moves to the side rather than forward. File alternate teeth 2-3 times lightly. Then turn saw or yourself around and repeat on the un-filed teeth. This ensures shape of teeth is maintained. |
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All western saws have what shape teeth? |
Triangular, with a point angle of 60° |
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Rip saw teeth look like.... |
(Offset) chisels |
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Crosscut teeth look like? |
Knives |
