Nabf Final

Front 1

Name 2 direct Accomodative Tests

Back 1

Acc. Amplitude

Monocular Acc. Facility

Front 2

Visual therapy uses feedback mechanisms to provide patient info on whether or not they are doing thetests correctly, these mechanisms include

Back 2

Diplopia
Blur
Suppression
Kinesthetic awareness
Small In, Large out

Front 3

What is a Quit Vectogram

Back 3

Polairzed R an L images
Tells you if patient is suppression an eye

Front 4

T/F Using a BASE OUT prism, a target appears SMALLER and moves CLOSER in

Back 4

T

Fused objects looks smaller and move closer

in order to maintain size constancy

CONVERGE=Close and SMALL

Front 5

T/F Using BASE OUT prism, a target appears LARGER and moves FARTHER away

Back 5

FALSE

BASE IN

DIVERGE=LARGE, AWAY

Front 6

using a base _________ makes a target look smaller and closer

Back 6

out

Front 7

using a base _______ makes a target look farther away and larger

Back 7

in

Front 8

As we converge out eyes, a target's Relative Image size increases, so in oder to perceive the target correctly, we

Back 8

shrink the size of the image in order to maintain size constancy

Front 9

Who are more likely to respond with Small OUT and Large IN rather than SILO?

Back 9

Adults, they rely more on previous experiences inviewing oj move away

Front 10

Why don't pencil push ups work?

Back 10

This works both accomodation and convergence rather than working one or the other

Front 11

BIM=

Back 11

Base IN demand, MINUS lenses

Makes eyes turn in and must use negative fusual vergence, or BI to keep target single

Front 12

BOP=

Back 12

Base OUT demand, PLUS lenses

Makes eyes diverge so that you have to use positive fusional vergence.

Front 13

T/F in order to increase positive fusional demand, you would use minus lenses in front of patient

Back 13

FALSE


PLUS lenses increases BO demand on patient

Front 14

When you converge, you move the plane of vergence ___ patient

Back 14

towards

Front 15

The _______ the separation between the plane of accomodation and plane of vergence, the GREATER the demand on fusional vergence

Back 15

GREATER

Front 16

PLus lenses/BO prism makes it harder for a patient to

Back 16

keep convergence, keep an ojbect single

Front 17

If you have trouble fusing BO prism make it easier by using

Back 17

MINUS Lenses OR give patient EXTRA BI

(its like your patient is an Exophore and cannot do the BO vergence facility test, give them minus lenses in front of eye and they can do it) Makes patient more esophoric so you do not have to use as much BO to fuse object

Front 18

If you have trouble fusing BI prism, make it easier by using

Back 18

Plus lenses/ BO prism
Plus lenses will decrease accomodative demand. MAkes patient less eso so they don't have to use as much BI.

Front 19

How do you make BO therapy harder?

Back 19

ADD MORE BO or PLUS lenses to the patient

Front 20

How do you make BI therapy harder?

Back 20

Add MORE BI or Minus lenses to the patient

Front 21

When using BO prism the plane of convergence is always __ of the target

Back 21

in front of

Front 22

When using BI prism the plane of convergene is always _______ the target

Back 22

beyond,no vergence demand

Front 23

If the patient is trying to fuse BO prism and sees one image BUT its blurry, the patients plane of accomodation must be _______ to the plane of convergence then it should be

Back 23

CLOSER

Front 24

definition of prism diopter=

Back 24

1 cm seperation at a distance of 1 m

if HTS took place 1 m away targets are seperated by 1 cm= 1pd demand

Or working distance, however is 40 cm so when you separate targets by 4mm you create a 1 pd demand

Front 25

When using the Vectogram, if your Right eye sees the R, the prism you are using must be

Back 25

BI

Front 26

When using a vectogram, if your Right eye see the L, the prism you are using must be

Back 26

BO

Front 27

Decreasing the working distance ALWAYS ____ the prismatic demand regardless of direction of therapy, BO or BI

Back 27

increases

Front 28

T/F Increasing the working distance always DECREASES the prismatic demand regardless of direction of therapy, BO or BI

Back 28

T

Front 29

Brock String is used for what condition?

Back 29

BI
a cord with 2 wooden beads, one end tied to the door nknow, other to the brdige of nose. When looking at one bead, will see diplopia of other bead.

Front 30

If patient cannot accomplish CI tasks, give them _____ lenses to help

Back 30

minus lenses, help with convergence

Front 31

What other CI task is used after patient accomplishes Brock String?

Back 31

Barrel Card

Helps patient normalize near point convergence.
Card on drige of nose, fixate on barrle fartherst away and fuse other barrel will be seen as double

Front 32

What is the most effective use of prism in optometry?

Back 32

Vertical relieving prism

Front 33

If an esophore uses negative fusional vergence and has low BI vergence ability _____ prism would relieve patient

Back 33

BO

puts image where eye likes it

Front 34

What is the compensating vergence for an exphore?

Back 34

Exophore uses Positive fusional vergence to see.

Front 35

To compensate for an exophore _____ prism would releive patient

Back 35

BI

puts image where eye likes it

Front 36

Why is prism effective for Divergence insufficiency?

Back 36

Patient is ESO at distance and has a LOW AC/A ratio. Patient will not do well will Plus lenses so you use BO prism to help patient

Front 37

T/F Research has shown that BI prism is a good way to relieve CI in kids

Back 37

FALSE

may only be effective if CI is aquired after brain injury

Front 38

Fixation disparity is the difference between vergence stimulus and _____________

Back 38

vergence RESPONSE

how much we SHOULD converge versus how much we ACTUALLY converge

Front 39

How can we measure fixation disparity in clinic?

Back 39

Wesson card --> measure associated phoria

The amount of prism required to achieve alignment of the arrow and center line is the associaed phoria.
Use polarized glasses, one eye sees arrow and other sees colored lines, add in prism until arrow points to middle line.

Front 40

Whe we measure for prism through a phoropter we are using ______ phoria because patient is not fusing the target

Back 40

dissociated phoria

Front 41

Sheard's criterion is better for _______ determination of prism

Back 41

EXOPHORIAS

Compensating Fusional Vergence should be twice the phoria in order to be comfortable.

prism= 2/3phoria- 1/3compensating fusional vergence

Front 42

prism= 2/3phoria- 1/3compensating fusional vergence
is what formulae?

Back 42

Sheards

Front 43

Percival's Criterion is better for _______ determination of prism

Back 43

Esophoria

Paitnet should be operating withing the middle third of their vergence range to be comfortable, INDEPENDANT of phoria

prism= 1/3 Greater vergence- 2/3lesser vergence

Front 44

T/F Perceival's criterion is DEPENDANT on patient's phoria

Back 44

FALSE


only wants patient to be in the middle of vergence powers, regardless of what the patients phoria is

Front 45

prism= 1/3 Greater vergence- 2/3lesser vergence
is what formula?

Back 45

percival's

Front 46

Prism is neither necessary nor desirable unless the phoria is _______ and then it is the FIRST choice treatment

Back 46

VERTICAL

Front 47

PAtient is 6 eso, what prism/lens will help patient?

Back 47

BASE OUT
PLUS lens

Front 48

What is the effect of using a minus lens on an esophore?

Back 48

causes more ESO, even more demand on already low BI vergence

Front 49

X-BIM=

Back 49

eXophores do BEST with BASE IN prism and MINUS lenses

Front 50

BOP-S=

Back 50

Base OUT or Plus lenses work best for eSophores

Front 51

T/F Base out prism would minimize an esophores problem

Back 51

FALSE

BASE OUTS

Front 52

How many accomodative/binocular problems can be treated without the use of therapy as the primary treatment?

Back 52

5 out of 12

Acc. insuffisciency
Ill sustained accom
Divergence insufficiency
Convergence Excess
vertical phoria

Front 53

How much + should be Rx from a cycloplegic refraction?

Back 53

subtract .50D from the findings because that is from tonic accomodation

Example: find +2.50, Rx +2 to patient

Front 54

How much plus do you put in an ADD power?
It depends on what findings?

Back 54

NRA/PRA

Take the difference and divide by 2
Example= +2.50 NRA -1.00 PRA
Amount of + needed is +.75D

NRA-x=PRA+x

Front 55

For patients with LOW AC/A ratios, what therapy is most effective?

Back 55

Vision Therapy

Front 56

For HIGH AC/A ratios, what therapy will be most effective?

Back 56

Lenses

Front 57

Typical CI presents with

Back 57

exo at near
low BO
low positive fusional vergence
receped NPC
Low AC/A

Front 58

Which has higher sucess for CI patients, Home or Office VT?

Back 58

OFFICE

Front 59

When should you followup with a patient who has CI?

Back 59

4-6 weeks after home bsed VT used.

Front 60

I with Accomodative Excess patients tend to have what type of astigmatism?

Back 60

ATR!!

Front 61

Only difference between accomodative facility versus fusional vergence disparity

Back 61

accomodative facilitiy patients will fail MAF

Front 62

BO prism is used to treat and diagnose

Back 62

Esophoria

Front 63

T/F BO prism is used to treat and diagnose Esophoria

Back 63

T

Front 64

BI prism is used to treat and diagnose

Back 64

Exophoria

Front 65

T/F BI prism is used to treat and diagnose Exophoria

Back 65

T

Front 66

A sudden onset of divergence insufficiency must make you suspecious of

Back 66

6th nerve palsy

test for comittancy

Front 67

The Covergence Insufficienc Treatment Trial showed tat the only effective treatment for CI is

Back 67

VT

Front 68

Test Psuedo-CI by

Back 68

using +1.00 and doing NPC.
A real CI patient will have a more receeded NPC with +1 (makes them use even more BO).
Psuedo CI patients will have nroam l NPC