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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bands: population size, subsistence, political organization, social organization |
20-100 foraging kinship, no political figures mobility, egalitarian |
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Tribes: population size, subsistence, political organization, social organization |
100- few 1000s horticulture, pastoralism kinship, no political figures village life, egalitarian |
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Chiefdoms: population size, subsistence, political organization, social organization |
5000-50000 farming, herding chief nobles/commoners, emergence of stratification
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States: population size, subsistence, political organization, social organization |
1000s-1000000s industry of agriculture formal governments, large bureaucracies social classes, race, ethnicity |
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Latin America Timeline: pre-1492 1492-1570 1570-1810 1810-1820 1800s 1870-1930 |
Indigenous cultures & societies Conquest Colonial Domination Independence Political & Economic Instability - Civil Wars Export Economies - Consolidation of Nation States |
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Earliest Chiefdoms: 2970 BCE/2500 BCE - 2500 BCE/1800 BCE - 0/2000 CE - 1200/200 BCE to 1500 CE - |
Coastal & Highland Ecuador, respectively Peru's central & northern coast Areas of Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, northwest Argentina, northern Chile. Highland Peru & Bolivia, Altiplano chiefdoms coexisted with states. |
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When did Inca expansion take place? |
1200-1530s
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Regions that remained independent of Incan rule: |
Colombia, Venzuela, coastal Ecuador, Amazonia (mainly chiefdoms) |
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Regions that lost autonomy to Incan rule: |
South Andean (Bolivia, Chile, northwest Argentina) Central Andean (Peru) North Andean (Ecuador) |
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Responses to Incan expansion: Independent Lost Autonomy Resistance |
Chibcha, Quijos, Omagua, Tapajos (Andean Region) Chiefdoms in the Titicaca basin provided an army of 10,000 to Incas; Otavalo, Diaguita Mapuche |
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Simpler, egalitarian societies (bands & tribes): |
Amazonia, southern cone |
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Complex societies began when & where? |
Ecuador 3000 BCE was very beginning, also 3000BCE-2500BCE in Peru |
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This group remained independent from Incan rule & was the most complex chiefdom in all of South America. |
Chibcha |
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Which had more complex societies, highlands or lowlands? Conquerors focused on ________ |
highlands = complex lowlands = less complex |
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What were the five key elements that the Spanish possess? |
1. germs 2. guns 3. steel 4. animals 5. writing |
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How did the Spanish acquire their five key elements? |
1. Shape of continent: - easy to travel - same general climate 2. Fertile Crescent: - soil was rich with agriculture - Middle East (Mesopotamia) - great land & state development 3. Immunity - close proximity with animals - exposed to previous germs |
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About the Aymara: |
chiefdom/state, conquered; nation in the Andes and Altiplano regions ofSouth America; about 2 million live in Bolivia, Peru and Chile |
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About the Otavalo: |
chiefdom/state, conquered; Ecuador |
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About the Mapuche: |
chiefdom/state, resisted & still alive; south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina |
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About the Tupinamba: |
chiefdom/state, extinct; eastern coast of Brazil |
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About the Guarani: |
tribe; Brazil |
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About the Mundurucu: |
tribe;Brazil living in the Amazon River basin |
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About the Jivaro: |
tribe, resisted; Andean Ecuador & Peru |
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About the Yanomami: |
tribe; the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil |
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About the Kogi: |
tribe; Colombia |
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About the Ona: |
Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; band, extinct |
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About the Tehuelche: |
band; Argentina & Chile |
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In depth Ona vs. Mapuche |
Ona: - band of people - went extinct - hunters & gatherers - mobile group - island of Tierra del Fuego
Mapuche: - chiefdom/state - resisted the Inca - still alive to this day - located in mainly Chile, some of Argentina - agriculture - herding |
