N605 Heent

Front 1

macular degeneration

Back 1

slow central loss in nuclear cataract

Front 2

advanced open angle glaucoma

Back 2

peripheral loss

Front 3

hemianopsia

Back 3

one side of visual field, either unilateral or bilateral
+|- +|- or -|+ -|+

Front 4

unilateral vision loss-painless

Back 4

vitreous hemorrhage from trauma, DM mac degeneration, retinal detachment, retinal artery or vein occlusions

Front 5

unilateral vision loss-painful

Back 5

problem with cornea or anterior chamber, corneal ulcer, uveitis, traumatic hyphema and acute glaucoma

Front 6

primary headache

Back 6

no underlying cause, migraine, cluster, and chronic daily headaches

Front 7

secondary headache

Back 7

has underlying condition such as meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 8

thunderclap

Back 8

maximal intensity= subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 9

sudden or severe headache

Back 9

consider meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage and is life threatening

Front 10

cluster headache

Back 10

retro-orbital

Front 11

bilateral vision loss-painless

Back 11

medication change or steroid use

Front 12

painful bilateral vision loss

Back 12

chemical or radiation exposure

Front 13

vitreous floaters or scotomas

Back 13

moving specks or fixed defects of visual field suggest lesions in retina or visual pathways

Front 14

flashing lights or new floaters

Back 14

suggest detachment of vitreous form retina

Front 15

diplopia

Back 15

double vision, seen in brainstem or cerebellum or weakness or paralysis of extraocular muscle/s

Front 16

horizonal diplopia

Back 16

palsy of cranial nerve III or VI

Front 17

conductive hearing loss

Back 17

problems with the external or middle ear, noisy environments may help CN up to but not including VIII

Front 18

sensorineural loss

Back 18

from inner ear, cochlear nerve or central connections, usually trouble with understanding speech, complaints that others mumble

CN VIII

Front 19

otitis media

Back 19

pain in middle ear usually respiratory infections

Front 20

otitis externa

Back 20

pain in external canal, usually soft wax, inflammation or rash in ear canal, discharge from perforated eardrum

Front 21

tinnitus

Back 21

ringing in the ear

Front 22

Meineres disease

Back 22

inner ear problem with balance and hearing
S/S hearing loss, vertigo, balance issues (unilateral or bilateral)

Front 23

Vertigo

Back 23

environment spinning, labrinths of inner ear problem or peripheral CN VIII, or leasioins in cnetral pathways or nuclei in the brain

Front 24

rhinorrhea

Back 24

drainage from nose associated with nasal congestion

Causes: allergic rhinitis (hay fever), viral infections, vasomotor rhinitis, drug induced rhinitis (cocaine etc)

Front 25

ataxia, diplopia, dysarthria

Back 25

- is a lack of muscle coordination which may affect speech, eye movements, the ability to swallow, walking, picking up objects and other voluntary movements
-double vision
-difficulty with motor speech
= problems with brain stem and cerebellum

Front 26

acute bacterial sinusitis

Back 26

unlikely until viral URI symptoms last greater than 7 days, purulent drainage and facial pain

nasal mucosa pale, bluish or red (viral rhinitis, nasal mucosa red and swollen)

Front 27

drug induced rhinitis

Back 27

excessive use of decongestants or cocaine

Front 28

epistaxis

Back 28

nose bleed, trauma, inflammation, drying, tumors, foreign bodies

Front 29

sore throat or pharyngitis
what is it associated with

Back 29

URI usually strep or fusobacterium necrophorum pharyngitis

Front 30

Bacterial URI S/S

Back 30

absence of cough, tonsillar exudates, swollen tender lymph, fever

Front 31

aphthous ulcers

Back 31

sore smooth tongue of nutritional deficiency

Front 32

bleeding gums

Back 32

gingivitis

Front 33

acute hoarseness

Back 33

acute voice overuse or acute viral laryngitis

Front 34

chronic hoarseness

Back 34

lasting greater than 2 weeks, refer for laryngoscopy, consider hypothyroidism, reflux, vocal cord nodules, head and neck CA, neurological disorders (parkinsons)

Front 35

goiter

Back 35

thyroid mass, temperature intolerance, sweating

Front 36

glaucoma

Back 36

leading cause of blindness in AA

Front 37

Myopia

Back 37

impaired far vision

Front 38

presbyopia

Back 38

impaired near vision

Front 39

legally blind

Back 39

20/200 or 20 degree or less constricted field of vision

Front 40

homonymous hemianopsia

Back 40

hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes

Front 41

bitemporal hemianopsia

Back 41

vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field

Front 42

enlarged blind spot

Back 42

conditions of the optic nerve, gluacoma, optic neuritis and papilledema

Front 43

blepharitis

Back 43

red inflamed lid margins

Front 44

upstarting palpebral fissures

Back 44

downs syndrome

Front 45

miosis

Back 45

constriction of the pupils

Front 46

mydriasis

Back 46

dilation of pupils

Front 47

anisorcoria

Back 47

difference in pupillary size by 0.04 mm, usually benign if good reaction

Front 48

consensual reaction

Back 48

pupillary reaction in opposite eye

Front 49

sustained nystagmus

Back 49

fine rhythmic oscillation of eyes if prolonged =neurological disorder

Front 50

proptosis

Back 50

abnormal protusion of the eyeballs (hyperthyroidism)

Front 51

convergence

Back 51

crossing of eyes as object gets closer, poor in hyperthyroidism

Front 52

absence of red reflex

Back 52

opacity of lens (cataracts)

Front 53

cotton wool patches

Back 53

diabetic retinopahty

Front 54

ptosis

Back 54

drooping of upper lid

Front 55

exophthalmos

Back 55

protruding eyes

Front 56

enophthalmos

Back 56

sunken eyes

Front 57

entropion

Back 57

lower eye lid rolls in

Front 58

extropion

Back 58

lower lid rolls out, loose

Front 59

acute hordeolum

Back 59

stye

Front 60

ptergium

Back 60

epidermal growth over eye (sun exposure)

Front 61

Cranial nerves involved in eye movement

Back 61

III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, VI-abducens

Front 62

trochlear CN eye muscles

Back 62

superior oblique muscles down towards nose

Front 63

abducens

Back 63

lateral rectus muscle-moves eyes lateral

Front 64

oculomotor

Back 64

all other eye movements, raises eye lid and pupil constriction

Front 65

papilledema

Back 65

=head injury, swelling of optic disc and anterior bulging of optic cup, increased ICP

Front 66

weber test

Back 66

midline skull, should be equal in both ears

Front 67

rinne test

Back 67

vibrating fork on mastoid bone, when no longer able to hear, place in front of ear

AIR CONDUCTS BETTER THAN BONE if not true then conductive hearing loss

Front 68

temporal arteritis

Back 68

pain near ear when chewing in pts over 50yo

Front 69

CN IX

Back 69

glossopharyngeal
uvula midline
tongue say aaah
palate uvula raise

Front 70

CN X

Back 70

Vagus, gag reflex

Front 71

CN XII

Back 71

hypoglossal, tongue midline when stuck out

Front 72

kaposi's sarcoma

Back 72

cancer of mouth, HIV or immunocompromised patients

Front 73

leukoplakia

Back 73

tongue cancer, immunocompromissed, undersurface of tongue

Front 74

Cushings syndrome

Back 74

increased adrenal cortisol production, round moon face, red cheeks, ecessive hair growth

Front 75

nephrotic syndrome

Back 75

face edematous, pale, swelling around eyes in the morning, slitlike eyelids when severe

Front 76

myxedema

Back 76

servere hypothyroidism dull, puffy face, edema around eyes, non pitting, hair and eyebrows coarse, dry and thinned, skin dry

Front 77

parkinsons

Back 77

decreased facial mobility blunts expression, masklike face may result characteristic stare

Front 78

chalazion

Back 78

subacute nontender, painless nodule involving blocked meibomian gland, unlike stye points inside the lid

Front 79

sty

Back 79

painful tender red infection of a gland at the margin of the eyelid

Front 80

xanthelasma

Back 80

raised yellowish well circumscribed plaque appears along nasal protions of one or bod eyelids, may accompany lipid disorderes

Front 81

dacryocystitis

Back 81

inflammation of the lacrimal sac, swelling between lower eyelid and nose painful, red, tender

Front 82

episcleritis

Back 82

localized ocular inflammation fo episcleral vessesls

Front 83

pinguecula

Back 83

harmless yellowing triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctivia on either side of iris, with aging

Front 84

corneal arcus

Back 84

thin grayish white arc or circle and edge of the cornea, normal aging, hyperlipoproteinemia, usually benign

Front 85

Horners syndrome

Back 85

-ptosis of the eyelid
-heterochromia
-affected pupil smaller but still reactive

Front 86

esotropia and exotropia

Back 86

one eye dysconjugate gaze
-esotropia toward nose
exptropia toward ear

Front 87

hyperthyroidsm

Back 87

nervousness, weight loss, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, palpitiatoins, frequent BMs, tremor and proximal muscle weakness

Signs: warm smooth moist skin graves-eye stare, lid lag, and exophthalmos, tachycardia, afib, increased systolic, decreased diastolic

Front 88

hypothyroidism

Back 88

fatique, lethargy, weight gain with anorexia, dry ocarse skin and cold intolerance, sweeling of face hands and legs, constipation, weakness, muscle cramps, arthralgias

signs: dry coarse cool skin, yellowish carotene, nonpitting edema loss of hair, periorbital puffiness, decreased systolic BP and increased diastolic, bradycardia