N517 The Back, Scalp, And Face: Emphasized In Lecture

Front 1

What two arteries form the basilar artery?

Back 1

Vertebral arteries

Front 2

What membrane helps keep the head from falling forward?

Back 2

Tectorial membrane

Front 3

What is deep to the cruciform ligaments in the neck?

Back 3

The dens of the axis

Front 4

What membrane covers the basi occipital?

Back 4

Tectorial membrane

Front 5

What structures pass through the jugular foramen?

Back 5

Spinal accessory nerve

Internal jugular vein

Front 6

What branch of the external carotid artery travels posteriorly?

Back 6

Occipital artery

Front 7

What muscle is deep to the trapezius in the neck?

Back 7

Splenius capitis

Front 8

What muscle is deep to the splenius capitus?

Back 8

Semispinalis capitis

Front 9

What are the three branches of the erector spinae from medial to lateral?

Back 9

Spinalis

Longissimus

Iliocostalis

Front 10

What is the slip of muscle that runs from the mastoid process to a branch of the erector spinae?

Back 10

Longissimus capitis

Front 11

What are the divisions of the spinalis?

Back 11

Spinalis lumborum

*

Front 12

What muscle is deep to the erector spinae?

Back 12

Multifidus

Front 13

What four muscles form a triangle deep in the neck, from medial to lateral?

Back 13

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Superior oblique

Rectus capitis posterior major

Inferior oblique

Front 14

What nerve supplies the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 14

Dorsal primary ramus of C1 (efferent)

Dorsal root ganglion of C1 (afferent)

Front 15

What is another name for the dorsal primary ramus of C1?

Back 15

Suboccipital nerve

Front 16

What nerve is formed from the dorsal primary ramus/dorsal root ganglion of C2?

Back 16

Greater occipital nerve

Front 17

What vascular structure is in the floor of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 17

Vertebral artery

Front 18

What muscles form the suboccipital triangle?

Back 18

Rectus capitus posterior major

Inferior oblique

Superior oblique

Front 19

What nerves innervate the suboccipital triangle?

Back 19

Suboccipital nerve (C1)

Greater occipital nerve (C2)

Front 20

What are the origin and insertion of the RCPM?

Back 20

*

Front 21

What are the origin and insertion of the superior oblique?

Back 21

*

Front 22

What are the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique?

Back 22

*

Front 23

What does the epicranial aponeurosis connect?

Back 23

*

Front 24

What tissue allows the scalp to move freely?

Back 24

The loose areolar tissue

Front 25

What tissue covers the bones of the skull?

Back 25

Pericranium

Front 26

What are the layers of the scalp?

Back 26

SCALP:

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis (epicranial)

Loose areolar tissue

Pericranium

(Bone)

Front 27

What are the two layers of flat bone called?

Back 27

Diploë of bone

Front 28

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Back 28

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

Front 29

Which layer of the meninges is adhered to the brain?

Back 29

Pia mater

Front 30

What structure is formed by the splitting of the dura mater to form the falx cerebri?

Back 30

Superior sagittal sinus

Front 31

What substance is found in the brain's sinuses?

Back 31

Venous blood

Front 32

Where do all of the brain's sinuses drain into?

Back 32

Internal jugular vein

Front 33

What are the cauliflower-like projections from the arachnoid mater through the dura mater, where are they found, and what do they do?

Back 33

Arachnoid granules

ONLY in the superior sagittal sinus

Drains CSF back into the bloodstream

Front 34

What space is found at the base of the falx cerebri?

Back 34

Inferior sagittal sinus

Front 35

What is the foramen above the orbit and what passes through it?

Back 35

Supraorbital foramen

Supraorbital nerve, artery, and vein

Front 36

What is the foramen below the orbit and what passes through it?

Back 36

Infraorbital foramen

Infraorbital nerve, artery, and vein

Front 37

What is the foramen in the front of the mandible and what passes through it?

Back 37

Mental foramen

Mental artery, nerve, and vein

Front 38

What does the facial nerve supply?

Back 38

Muscles of facial expression

Front 39

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the face?

Back 39

Trigeminal nerve

Front 40

Three branches of trigeminal and motor/sensory/both:

Back 40

Ophthalmic (sensory)

Maxillary (sensory)

Mandibular (both)

Front 41

What nerves supply the forehead and center line of the nose cutaneously?

Back 41

Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal

aka CN V1

Front 42

What nerve supplies the skin of the cheeks, sides of the nose, and upper lip?

Back 42

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

aka CN V2

Front 43

What nerve supplies the skin of the chin, lateral cheeks, temples, and sides of head?

Back 43

Mental division of trigeminal

aka CN V3

Front 44

What nerves supply the skin of the sides of the jaw and the neck?

Back 44

Cervical plexus

Front 45

Trace backwards the innervation to the mylohyoid muscle:

Back 45

*

Front 46

Name the branches of the maxillary nerve:

Back 46

Zygomaticotemporal

Zygomaticofacial

Infraorbital

Front 47

Name the branches of the ophthalmic nerve:

Back 47

Supraorbital

Supratrochlear

Lacrimal

Infratrochlear

External nasal

Front 48

What five arteries, from front to back, anastamose to supply the scalp?

Back 48

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

Superficial temporal

Posterior auricular

Occipital

Front 49

What root(s) supply the third occipital nerve?

Back 49

C3

Front 50

What root(s) supply the great occipital nerve?

Back 50

C2

Front 51

What root(s) supply the lesser occipital nerve?

Back 51

C2, C3

Front 52

What structure do all of the branches of the trigeminal converge upon?

Back 52

Trigeminal ganglion

Front 53

What type of neurons are located in the trigeminal ganglion?

Back 53

Pseuodunipolar

Front 54

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 54

*

Front 55

What are the branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 55

*

Front 56

What are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 56

*

Front 57

What type of ganglion is the ciliary ganglion?

Back 57

Parasympathetic

Front 58

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

Back 58

Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal

Front 59

What is the pterygopalatine ganglion attached to?

Back 59

Maxillary branch of trigeminal

Front 60

What is the submandibular ganglion attached to?

Back 60

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

Front 61

Otic ganglion is associated with what nerve?

Back 61

Hypoglossal *?

Front 62

What nerve supplies the lower teeth?

Back 62

Inferior alveolar nerve

Front 63

What pathway does the inferior alveolar nerve take?

Back 63

Through the diploë of the mandible bone

Front 64

What functions does the auriculotemporal nerve serve?

Back 64

*

Front 65

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Back 65

Stylomastoid foramen

Front 66

What are the six terminal branches of the facial nerve?

Back 66

Temporal

Zygomatic

Buccal

Mandibular

Cervical

Posterior auricular

Front 67

Is the facial nerve motor/sensory/both?

Back 67

Both

Front 68

What structures does the facial nerve supply?

Back 68

Muscles of facial expression

Front 69

What does the chorda tympani nerve carry?

Back 69

Carries preganglionic PSNS signals to the submandibular ganglion

Returns taste from the anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Front 70

What nerves innervate the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Back 70

Lingual nerve - pain/touch/temperature

Chorda tympani - taste

Hypoglossus - muscles

Front 71

What unique characteristic does the facial artery have?

Back 71

"Curly" appearance to allow for mandibular movement without strain on the artery

Front 72

What neurovascular structures are in the temples?

Back 72

Superficial temporal artery and vein

Auricotemporal nerve

Front 73

What is the broad, very thin muscle that covers the neck and throat superficially?

Back 73

Platysma

Front 74

What nerve pierces the parotid gland?

Back 74

*

Front 75

What are the most superior muscles of mastication?

Back 75

Temporalis

Masseter