N501 Med Term Exam Review

Front 1

ophthalmalgia

Back 1

pain in the eye

Front 2

ophthalmological

Back 2

pertaining to the eye

Front 3

ophthalmoplasty

Back 3

Surgical repair of the eye

Front 4

ophthalmorrhagia

Back 4

hemorrhage or excessive bleeding of the eye

Front 5

angiectasia

Back 5

dilation of a blood or lymph vessel

Front 6

phlebostasis

Back 6

controlling the flow of blood in a vein by means of compression

Front 7

vasoplasty

Back 7

surgical repair to vessel or ductus deferens

Front 8

venosis

Back 8

abnormal condition of the veins/vein

Front 9

colitis

Back 9

inflammation of the colon

Front 10

colopexy

Back 10

surgical fixation of the colon to the abdominal wall

Front 11

coloscopy

Back 11

endoscopic examinationo f the lining of the colon

Front 12

colostomy

Back 12

surgical procedure that forms a new opening in the colon or large intestine

Front 13

enlarged breast

Back 13

Mammomegaly or Mastmegaly?

Front 14

inflammation of the breast

Back 14

mastitis

Front 15

surgical fixation of the breast

Back 15

mastopexy

Front 16

surgical removal of a breast

Back 16

mastectomy

Front 17

auscultation

Back 17

procedure using a stethoscope to listen for sounds within the body

Front 18

inspection

Back 18

procedure using the eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient

Front 19

palpation

Back 19

procedure to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with your hands

Front 20

percussion

Back 20

procedure to tap the body with the fingertips of fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity

Front 21

echogram

Back 21

a record produced by sound waves

Front 22

fluoroscope

Back 22

instrument used for the visual examination of an internal organ by emitting or reflecting light

Front 23

thermometer

Back 23

instrument used to measure heat

Front 24

tympanic

Back 24

pertaining to the eardrum

Front 25

contrast imagining

Back 25

procedure with the use of radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on x-ray machines

Front 26

echography

Back 26

the process of imagining deep structures of the body by sending and receiving frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from tissue interfaces

Front 27

fluoroscopy

Back 27

the visual examination of an internal organ using a fluoroscope

Front 28

radiotherapy

Back 28

treatment using radiation (used in cancer)

Front 29

blepharoptosis

Back 29

the drooping of the upper eyelid

Front 30

blepharospasm

Back 30

twitching of the eyelid

Front 31

ophthalmotosis

Back 31

sagging/drooping of the eye

Front 32

ophthalmospasm

Back 32

a sudden involuntary contraction of the eyeball

Front 33

from the back to the front

Back 33

posteroanterior

Front 34

from the front to the back

Back 34

anteroposterior

Front 35

situated toward the back and inner side

Back 35

posteromedial

Front 36

situated toward the back and outer side

Back 36

posterolateral

Front 37

closed reduction

Back 37

fracture restored to normal condition without surgery

Front 38

compound fracture

Back 38

bone fracture resulting in an open wound

Front 39

open reduction

Back 39

fracture restored to normal condition with surgery

Front 40

simple facture

Back 40

bone fracture that cause little to no damage to surrounding soft tissue

Front 41

infraclavicular

Back 41

below the clavicle

Front 42

Subcostal

Back 42

Under the ribs

Front 43

Suncapular

Back 43

Under the scapula bonr

Front 44

Substernal

Back 44

Under the sternum

Front 45

fibrosclerosis

Back 45

disorder of hardening of the fibers

Front 46

myelofibrosis

Back 46

scarring or fibrous tissues in bone marrow or spinal cord

Front 47

osteoarthritis

Back 47

degenerative joint disease (loss of articular cartilage)

Front 48

osteofibrosis

Back 48

scarring of bone; bone gets replaced with fibrous tissue

Front 49

chondrectomy

Back 49

removal of cartilage

Front 50

chondrocostal

Back 50

rib cartilage

Front 51

subchondral

Back 51

pertaining to below cartilage

Front 52

vertebrochondral

Back 52

pertaining to the vertebrae and ribs

Front 53

fascia

Back 53

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles.

Front 54

joint

Back 54

place of union between two or more bones

Front 55

ligament

Back 55

strong bands of fibrous connective tissue, connect bones or cartilage, support/strengthen joints

Front 56

tendon

Back 56

band of strong fibrous tissues that attach muscles to the bone

Front 57

kyphosis

Back 57

humpback, hunchback, exaggerated curvature of the spine from front to back

Front 58

osteomalacia

Back 58

bone softening, skeletal disorder characterized bya defect in bone mineralization

Front 59

osteomyelitis

Back 59

inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by infection

Front 60

rickets

Back 60

disease caused by vitamin D deficiency that produces soft and flexible bones

Front 61

any disease of muscle

Back 61

myopathy

Front 62

any disease of a ligament

Back 62

fibropathy

Front 63

destruction of muscle

Back 63

myolysis

Front 64

destruction of ligaments

Back 64

fibrolysis

Front 65

muscular dystrophy

Back 65

a group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy or muscles, without involvement of the nervous system, and progressive disability and loss of strength

Front 66

myasthenia gravis

Back 66

fatigue and muscle weakness caused by a defect in the nerve impulses

Front 67

spina bifida

Back 67

congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the spine. Can be extensive (herniation of the spine) or evident in radiological examination

Front 68

tetraparesis

Back 68

muscular weakness that affects all 4 extremities

Front 69

aneurysm

Back 69

ballooning out of a wall of a vessel (usually an artery). May be caused by congenital defect or weakness in vessel

Front 70

arrhythmia

Back 70

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 71

fibrillation

Back 71

severe cardiac arrhythmias in which contractions are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation. Can sometimes be reversed by defibrillator

Front 72

murmur

Back 72

soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard in the heart

Front 73

lymphangiography

Back 73

a radiography of the lymphatic vessels and nodes after injection of a radiopaque substance has made them visible on X-ray

Front 74

lymphangitis

Back 74

inflammation of the lymph nodes

Front 75

lymphedema

Back 75

accumulation of lymph in tissue which causes swelling. Caused by chronic obstruction of lymph vessels

Front 76

lymphography

Back 76

a radiography of the lymph tissue and vessels. same as lymphangiography

Front 77

excision of a vein or a segment of it


Back 77

phlebectomy

Front 78

incision of a vein

Back 78

phlebotomy

Front 79

incision of varicose veins in the anal canal

Back 79

hemorrhoidotomy

Front 80

surgical excision of varicose veins in the anal canal

Back 80

hemorrhoid+ectomy is surgical excision of a hemorrhoid. (-ectomy = excision)

Front 81

decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

Back 81

vasoconstriction

Front 82

synonym for vasoconstriction

Back 82

angi/o, vas/o,* vascul/o + -constriction

(angio+constriction?)(Leonard 176)

Front 83

increase in the diameter of a blood vessel

Back 83

vasodilation

Front 84

automated external defibrillator

Back 84

a portable device that checks the heart rhythm and can send an electric shock to the heart to try to restore a normal rhythm. AEDs are used to treat sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating

Front 85

cardioverter-defibrillator

Back 85

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator. This surgically implanted electric device automatically terminates arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart, restoring proper rhythm when the heart begins beating too fast or erratically. It is generally attached to the chest wall and has a wire lead embedded in the heart.(Leonard 186)

Front 86

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Back 86

a record of the electrical impulses of the heart

Front 87

pacemaker

Back 87

heart’s natural pacemaker = sinoatrial (SA) node; artificial cardiac pacemaker = small, battery-powered device used to increase the heart rate by electrically stimulating the heart muscle

Front 88

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 88

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) disease process that decreases the lungs’ ability to perform their ventilatory function. This process can result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, chronic asthma, or chronic bronchiolitis (Leonard 211)

Front 89

hyaline membrane disease

Back 89

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,[1] respiratory distress syndrome of newborn, or increasingly surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD),[2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs. (Wikipedia) (couldn’t find in Leonard)

Front 90


respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Back 90

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia/hypoxia (deficiency of oxygen) (Leonard 210)

Front 91

tuberculosis (TB)-

Back 91

infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is often chronic in nature and usually affects the lungs, although it can occur elsewhere in the body. The disease is named for the tubercles—small, round nodules—that are produced in the lungs (Leonard 212)

Front 92

bradypnea

Back 92

slow breathing

Front 93

dyspnea

Back 93

abnormal breathing

Front 94

hyperpnea

Back 94

increased depth of breathing.

Front 95

tachypnea

Back 95

rapid breathing

Front 96

also called expiration

Back 96

exhalation

Front 97

breathing air into the lungs

Back 97

inhalation or inspiration

Front 98

cellular respiration

Back 98

any of various energy-yielding oxidative reactions in living matter that typically involve transfer of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide and water as end products?????

Front 99

the same as exhalation

Back 99

expiration

Front 100

anoxia

Back 100

without oxygen

Front 101

aphasia

Back 101

inability to communicate via speech, writing or sounds due to improper function of the brain

Front 102

aphonia

Back 102

loss of speech usually associated with impariment to vocal chords (i.e. laryngitis)

Front 103

dysphasia

Back 103

moderate loss of ability to understand/communicate language

Front 104

dysphonia

Back 104

moderate loss of ability to understand/communicate language

Front 105

influenza

Back 105

highly infectious respiratory disease "the flu"

Front 106

pharyngitis

Back 106

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 107

thoracentesis

Back 107

procedure to remove fluid from the thoracic cavity

Front 108

The ileum and the cecum

Back 108

ileum is the 3rd part of the small intestine that connects to cecum beginning of large intestine

Front 109

ileocecal sphinter

Back 109

valve between the ileum and cecum

Front 110

Two divisions of the large intestines

Back 110

1. Colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid)

2 Rectum

Also includes cecum (at the beginning) and anal canal

Front 111

Two divisions of the small intestine

Back 111

duodenum

jejunum

ileum connects to large intestine

Front 112

open resection

Back 112

partial excision

Front 113

percutaneous wedge

Back 113

removal of tissue for a biopsy, common in liver biopsy.

Front 114

endoscopic examination of the salivary glands

Back 114

sialography

Front 115

excessive secretion of saliva

Back 115

ptyalism, hypersalvation, sialorrhea

Front 116

formation of calculi in the salivary ducts

Back 116

sialolithiasis

Front 117

radiographic examination of the salivary glands and ducts

Back 117

sialography

Front 118

cholangiogram

Back 118

the record of the bile ducts produced in cholangiography

Front 119

cholangitis

Back 119

inflammation of the bile ducts

Front 120

cholitis

Back 120

inflammation of the gall bladder

Front 121

gastroenteritis

Back 121

inflammation of the stomach and the intestinal tract

Front 122

pancreatitis

Back 122

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 123

peritonitis

Back 123

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 124

stomatitis

Back 124

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 125

stomatitis

Back 125

inflammation of the outh

Front 126

nephrosis

Back 126

condition in which there are degenerative changes in the kidneys but no inflammation

Front 127

polycystic kidney disease

Back 127

hereditary disorder characterized by hundreds of fluid filled cysts throughout both kidneys

Front 128

polyuria

Back 128

excretion of abnormally large quantities of urine

Front 129

complete failure of the kidney

Back 129

renal failure

Front 130

inability to empty the bladder

Back 130

urinary retnetion

Front 131

inability to hold urine in the bladder

Back 131

urinary incontinence

Front 132

partial functioning of the kidney

Back 132

renal insufficiency

Front 133

diuresis

Back 133

process by which there is increased urination

Front 134

hemodialysis

Back 134

(kidney dialysis) process of diffusing blood through a semi-permeable membrane to remove toxic materials and maintain proper chemical balance

Front 135

peritoneal dialysis

Back 135

alternative to hemodialysis; dialyzing solution is introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity

Front 136

renal insufficiency

Back 136

reduced ability of the kidneys to perform it's function

Front 137

castration

Back 137

excision of both testes (singular-orchidectomy, orchiectomy)

Front 138

circumcision

Back 138

surgical removal of the end of the (prepuce) foreskin that covers the head of the penis

Front 139

episiotomy

Back 139

surgical procedure in which an incision is made to enlarge the vaginal opening for delivery

Front 140

orchiectomy

Back 140

surgical removal of a testicle

Front 141

amenorrhea

Back 141

absence of menstrual flow when it's normally expected

Front 142

dysmenorrheal

Back 142

painful menstruation

Front 143

menorrhagia

Back 143

excessive flow during menstruation

Front 144

metrorrhagia

Back 144

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during menstruation

Front 145

fortnights

Back 145

14 nights or two weeks

Front 146

quarters

Back 146

divide into four equal or corresponding parts

Front 147

semesters

Back 147

a period of six months

Front 148

trimesters

Back 148

approx. 3 months, with the first day of the LMP to the end of 12 weeks

Front 149

lactation

Back 149

Lact/o, secretion of milk

Front 150

mammary

Back 150

mamm/o or mast/o pertaining to the breast

Front 151

menses

Back 151

(same as menstruation), sloughing off of the endometrium

Front 152

perimetrium

Back 152

membran that surrounds the uterus

Front 153

areola

Back 153

circular pigmented area of skin surrounding the nipple

Front 154

clitoris

Back 154

small mass of erectile tissue (female)

Front 155

epididymis

Back 155

a highly convoluted duck posterior to the testis, site of the sperm maturation and storage

Front 156

labia

Back 156

(major & minor); lip-pairs of skin folds for the vagina

Front 157

above; dermis

Back 157

epidermis

Front 158

above; epidermis

Back 158

The outermost part of the epidermis contains scale-llike nonliving cells that are constantly being shed and replaced. The primary component of these nonliving cells is keratin, asclero+protein, which is insoluble in most solvents

Front 159

under; dermis

Back 159

subcutaneous

Front 160

under; epidermis

Back 160

dermis

Front 161

piliary

Back 161

pertaining to the hair, pili

Front 162

trichomania

Back 162

excessive preoccupation with hair (hair pulling)

Front 163

trichophagy

Back 163

hair eating condition

Front 164

trichosis

Back 164

any abnormal condition of hair growth, including baldness or excessive hair growth in unusual place

Front 165

cervical

Back 165

cervic/o; towards the neck

Front 166

lumbar

Back 166

lumb/o--towards the lower spine

Front 167

sacral

Back 167

sacr/o towards the sacrum

Front 168

thoracic

Back 168

pertaining to the thorax

Front 169

biopsy

Back 169

removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis

Front 170

cyrosurgery

Back 170

procedure that destroys tissues by using very cold temperatures

Front 171

dermabrasion

Back 171

removes small scar, tattoos or fine wrinkles from the skin

Front 172

laceration

Back 172

a torn, jagged wound

Front 173

anxiety disorder

Back 173

characterized by anticipation of impending danger and dread, which is largely unknown or unrecognized. Acute psychobiologic reaction-restlessness, tension, tachycardia and difficulty breathing

Front 174

compulsion

Back 174

irresistible, repetitive impulse to act contrary to one's ordinary standards

Front 175

hypochondria

Back 175

chronic abnormal concern about the health of the body

Front 176

megalomania

Back 176

is an abnormal mental state in which one believes oneself to be aperson of great importance, power, fame, or wealth may occur in an extreme manic episode of bipolar disorder

Front 177

eustachian

Back 177

(same as auditory) eustachian tube, leads from the middle ear to the pharynx

Front 178

lacrimal

Back 178

lacrim/o pertaining to crying, tearing

Front 179

nasolacrimal

Back 179

tear duct, carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity

Front 180

semicircular

Back 180

half round

Front 181

ear

Back 181

ot/o

Front 182

eye

Back 182

ophthalm/o, op/o, optic/o

Front 183

nerve

Back 183

neur/o

Front 184

nervous sensation

Back 184

"-esthesia", sensation- Neurasthenia

Front 185

cataract

Back 185

an abnormal progressive condition of the lens, characterized by loss of transparency

Front 186

glaucoma

Back 186

an abnormal condition of increased

Front 187

retinal detachment

Back 187

separation of the retina from the choroid, usually from a hole or tear in the retina

Front 188

sty

Back 188

resulting from an infected sebaceous gland of eyelash

Front 189

audible

Back 189

capable of being heard

Front 190

auditory

Back 190

pertaining to the sense of hearing and the organs involved

Front 191

auricular

Back 191

pertaining to the cochlea

Front 192

They are the same as target organs.

Front 193

They empty their hormones directly onto body surface

Back 193

exocrine glands

Front 194

They generally secrete their hormones into the bloodstream

Back 194

endocrine glands (ductless)

Front 195

An examination of the eye is ______________.

Back 195

ophthalmoscopy

Front 196

An incision of the trachea is a(n) ____________.

Back 196

tracheotomy

Front 197

Ear inflammation is termed _________________.

Back 197

otitis

Front 198

Pertaining to a nerve is referred to as _______________.

Back 198

neural

Front 199

a cancer-causing substance is a(n) _________.

Back 199

carcinogen

Front 200

The destruction of tissue by electrical current is called ____________________.

Back 200

electrolysis

Front 201

_______________ means double vision.

Back 201

Diplopia

Front 202

A record produced in electrocardiography is a(n) ____________________.

Back 202

eclectrocardiogram

Front 203

Disappearance of the characteristics of malignant tissue is know as ________________________.

Back 203

remission

Front 204

Drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of microbes _________________________________.

Back 204

antimicrobials

Front 205

Listening for sounds within body with a stethoscope is called ______________________________.

Back 205

auscultation

Front 206

Pertaining to the spine is referred to as ________________.

Back 206

spinal

Front 207

A red blood cell is a(n) _________________________.

Back 207

erythrocyte

Front 208

Spreading from one part of the body to another is the definition of _____________________________.

Back 208

metastasis

Front 209

A substance that prevents coagulation is a(n)__________________.

Back 209

anticoagulant

Front 210

_______________ means within a cell.

Back 210

Intracellular

Front 211

__________ means pertaining to the brain and spine.

Back 211

Cerebrospinal

Front 212

______________ means pertaining to collarbone.

Back 212

Clavicular

Front 213

Pertaining to the lower back is referred to as ____________.

Back 213

lumbosacral

Front 214

Suppression of the bone marrow is termed _______________.

Back 214

myelosuppression

Front 215

The upper heart chambers are called _____________.

Back 215

atria (atrium=singular)

Front 216

____________ means across the windpipe.

Back 216

Transtracheal

Front 217

Inflammation of the bronchi is called ______________.

Back 217

bronchitis

Front 218

_______________ is defined as insertion of a tube for air or dilation.

Back 218

Endotracheal intubation

Front 219

_____________ means excessive hunger.

Back 219

Polyphagia

Front 220

Excision of the vermiform appendix is a(n)_____________.

Back 220

appendectomy

Front 221

___________ is defined as inflammation of the liver.

Back 221

Hepatitis

Front 222

Inflammation of the stomach is referred to as _____________.

Back 222

gastritis

Front 223

The state of wasting of the body is referred to as ________________.

Back 223

atrophy

Front 224

A fiberoptic instrument for viewing the kidney is called a(n) ___________________.

Back 224

nephroscope

Front 225

Filtering blood to maintain proper balance is called _______________.

Back 225

glomerular filtration or dialysis

Front 226

Inflammation of the renal pelvis is referred to as__________________.

Back 226

pyelitis

Front 227

An instrument used in catheterization is called a(n) ________________.

Back 227

catheter

Front 228

_______ means pertaining to the bladder

Back 228

Cystic

Front 229

The act of voiding is referred to as ________________.

Back 229

urination

Front 230

A newborn infant up to age 6 weeks is called a(n) _______________.

Back 230

neonate

Front 231

_________ is defined as pertaining to a fetus.

Back 231

Fetal

Front 232

The surgical removal of the uterus is a(n) ______________.

Back 232

hysterectomy

Front 233

A scraping or rubbing away of the skin is referred to as _________________________.

Back 233

abrasion or curettage

Front 234

An agent that acts against perspiration is called a(n) _____________________________.

Back 234

antiperspirant

Front 235

____________ is defined as fungal inflammation of the skin.

Back 235

Mycodermatitis

Front 236

The outermost skin layer is the ________________.

Back 236

epidermis

Front 237

_________ means pertaining to the nails.

Back 237

Ungual

Front 238

A wound produced by a sharp instrument is a(n) ____________.

Back 238

incision

Front 239

______________ is sexual perversion in general.

Back 239

Paraphilia

Front 240

The tough outer layer that covers most of the eye is the ______________.

Back 240

sclera

Front 241

Receptors that detect light are called ________________.

Back 241

photoreceptors

Front 242

/An electronic instrument for measuring hearing is a(n) _______________.

Back 242

audiometer

Front 243

an agent that dilates the eye is called a(n) ______________.

Back 243

mydriatic

Front 244

________________ is defined as increased blood sugar.

Back 244

Hyperglycemia