N490 First Midterm Chap 5+6

Front 1

Problem statements 6 components

Back 1

1/ Identification
2/ background
3/ Scope of the problem (how big?)
4/ Consequences of the prob
5/ Knowledge gaps (wat info is lacking)
6/ Propose solution

Front 2

Statement of Purpose

Back 2

- general direction of the inquiry and captures
- in quantitative study, identifies variables, relationship and population
"test, evaluate, examine, compare"
" prove, demonstrate, show" is bias

Front 3

Research questions

Back 3

Focus attention
In quantitative studies:
- conceptualize questions in term of variables
Tx: In P, what is the effect of IV on DV
Prognosis: In P, does IV affect or influence IV?
Etiology/harm: In P, does IV cause or increase risk of DV
- Research questions are more complex than clinical foreground questions

Front 4

Hypothesis

Back 4

- a prediction
- sometimes emerge from theory

Front 5

Characteristic of a testable hypothesis

Back 5

- expected relatioships btween IV and DV in P.
- based on justified rationales

Front 6

Ethical principals for protecting study participants

Back 6

1/ Beneficience
2/ Respect to human dignity
3/ Justice

Front 7

Beneficience

Back 7

Duty to minimize harm and maximize benefits
1/ Freedom from harm and discomfort
2/ Protection from exploitation - should not place them in situation that they are not prepared

Front 8

Respect for human dignity

Back 8

1/ Right to self-determination - right to participate or withdraw
Coercion: threats by penalty from failing to participate
2/ Right to full disclosure
+ researcher fully described the nature of the study
+ pt's right to refuse participation
+ responsibilities, risks and benefits

Front 9

Cover data collection ( Concealment)

Back 9

collect data without the sub's knowledge or consent

Front 10

Deception

Back 10

withhold info about the study, provide false info.

Front 11

Justice

Back 11

1/ Right to fair tx
2/ Right to privacy (HIPAA)

Front 12

Procedures for protecting participants

Back 12

1/ Risk-Benefit assessment
2/ Informed consent
3/ Confidentiality:
- Anonymity
- Confidentiality in the absence of anonymity
4/ Debriefings and Refferals
5/ Tx of vulnerable subjects
6/ External reviews and the protection of human rights (IRB)

Front 13

Minimal risk

Back 13

risk no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during routine physical or psychological tests or procedures

Front 14

Implied consent

Back 14

the return of the completed questionnaire reflects the respondent's voluntary consent to participate

Front 15

Process consent

Back 15

qualitative study, ongoing, transactional consent.

Front 16

Anonymity

Back 16

researcher cannot link participants to their data

Front 17

Confidentiality

Back 17

info provided will not be publicly reported

Front 18

Debriefing sessions

Back 18

permit participants to ask questions or air complaints.

Front 19

Vulnerable subjects

Back 19

incapable of giving own consent or high risk for unintended SE because of their condition
1/ Children (Assent)
2/ Mentally/emotionally disabled people
3/ Severely ill/physically disabled
4/ Terminally ill
5/ Institutionalized peopel
6/ pregnant women

Front 20

Research misconduct

Back 20

fraud and misintepretation of data.

Front 21

Fabrication

Back 21

making up data or study results and report them

Front 22

Falsification

Back 22

manipulating research materials, equipment or processes
changing or omitting data
distorting results

Front 23

Plagiarism

Back 23

appropriation of other's ideas, results or words