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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nursing intervention research
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research approach includes a process of:
1/ planning 2/ developing 3/ testing 4/ disseminating to design and evaluate intervention |
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Phases of nursing intervention research
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1/ basic developmental research
2/ pilot research 3/ efficacy research 4/ effectiveness research |
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Developmental phase, nursing intervention research
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1st phase, major focus: conceptualization
1/ collaborative discussion 2/ consultations with experts 3/ critical literature reviews 4/ in-depth qualitative research |
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Intervention theory (developmental phase, nursing intervention research)
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The construction that clearly articulates what must be done to achieve desired outcomes
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Stakeholders
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people who have a stake in the intervention such as: potential beneficiaries and their families, advocates and community leaders, agents of the intervention.
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Pragmatism
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a paradigm, indicate that :
Research question should drive the inquiry, its design and methods. No forced choice between postpositivist and naturalist |
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Applications of mixed method research
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1/ Instrumentation: use qualitative data to construct quantitative method
2/ Hypothesis generation and testing: insights in qualitative data will construct the relationships among the variables 3/ Explication: qualitative data provides meaning of the relationship 4/ Theory building, testing and refinement: theory construction can be utilized from both 5/ Intervention development: qualitative data explain the clinical intervention based on understanding of people |
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Mixed method designs
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Component designs: quali and quanti are discrete
Integrated designs: greater integration of quali and quanti in all phases of the project |
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Clinical Trials
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studies to assess clinical interventions
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Phases of clinical trials
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Phase I: establish safety and tolerance and determine dose. Often use a small-scale study such as before and after with no control group
Phase II: seek evidence of controlled effectiveness, SE. Use small-scale experiment or quasi-experiment Phase III: full experimental test (RCT) with large sample. also refere to as efficacy study. Phase IV: evaluate effectiveness of intervention in pop. Effectiveness studies emphasizes on external validity of an intervention. cost-effectiveness is also a consideration |
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Disadvantage of clinical trials
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Phase III has a problem with the relevance to real-life application because of the tight controlled
--> Practical (pragmatic) trial : address practical questions about the benefits, risks and costs of an intervention |
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Outcome research
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- design to document the effectiveness of heath care services
- global assessment - in demand of policy makers, insurer and public |
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Obstacles to outcome research
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1/ attribution: link the pt outcomes to specific nursing actions ( interrelated factors)
2/ External factors e.g. pt characteristics |
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3 factors that affect Outcome research
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1/ structure: broad organizational and administrative features
2/ processes: involve clinical management, decision making, clinical interventions 3/ Outcomes: specific end results of pt care |
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Some nursing variables in outcome research
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problem-solving skills
clinical decision making clinical competence and leadership specific activities e.g. communication, touch |
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Survey research
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obtains information about the prevalence, distribution, interrelations of variables within a population
PRIMARILY non-experimental correlational studies. QUESTIONS have brief-responses (yes/no) |
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Self-report in survey research
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study participants respond to a set of questions.
may be cross-sectional or longitudinal. |
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Most respected method of survey research
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personal interviews b/o higher data quality.
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Telephone interviews in survey research
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respondents may be uncooperative
Method of collecting has to be convenient and short, not too personal |
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Questionnaires in survey research
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self-administered
respondents differ in reading/writing skills. not appropriate for elderly/children. |
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Advantage of survey research
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flexibility and broadness of scope.
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Disadvantage of survey research
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superficial info
better suited for extensive analysis |
