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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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controls the size of the scrotum by responding to ambient temperature—keeps testes at 3 degrees below abdominal temperature
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cremaster muscle
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inguinal hernia occurs
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when a portion of the small intestine enters the inguinal canal
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Failure of testes to descend into scrotum is present in <6% of term male infants—decreased fertility and increased risk for cancer with this condition
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cryptorchidism
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hypospadias
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congenital defect—urethral meatus opens on ventral side of penis
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after _____________ yrs testosterone production decreases; decreased muscle tone, decreased subcutaneous fat
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55-60 yrs
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aging results in sexual response of male
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slow and less intense
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circumcision indications
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cultural reasons (usually not performed by Native Americans and Hispanics), prevention of inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin
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circumcised vs uncircumcised
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No difference in risk in contracting STI’s
Circumcision carries small but possible risk of complications, e.g. sepsis, amputation of distal edge of glans, removal of excessive foreskin, fistula and pain Circumcision though is Dominant cultural value in the United States |
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Testes should be?
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ovoid, rubbery, firm and smooth
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inguinal exam of male
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ask male to strain, i.e., turn head and cough while palpating inguinal area
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3 components of testicular exam for males
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T: Timing once a month
S: Shower warm water E: Examine, report changes immediately |
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for females this projects into vagina—opening to uterus
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cervix
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This is a female organ described as thick-walled, muscular organ
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uterus
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Female Infants: external genitalia engorged, may be discharge or drop of blood from vagina due to?
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Pregnancy hormones from mother
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female puberty via tanner staging
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(8½-13 yrs)—1st signs of puberty
breast and pubic hair development lastly menses—takes 3 years to complete |
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Menses may be irregular for women during what periods of life?
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teen
40s-50s |
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the absence of menses—usually occurs between ages ____ to ____ and average age in U.S. is 51
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aver menopause 40 to 50 range aver = 51 yrs age
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In middle aged females these symptoms are for what?
Hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, mood swings, irregular periods, vaginal dryness, decreased sex drive |
menopause
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The below signs happen due to?
uterus shrinks, vagina contracts, mons pubis smaller, decreased vaginal moisture—all due to declining estrogen |
menopause
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Goodell's, Chadwick's, Hegar's signs are signs of what?
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pregnancy
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Goodell's
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cervical softening
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Chadwick’s sign:
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cervix looks cyanotic
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softening of lower uterine segment is a sign termed
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Hegar's Sign, it's a sign of pregnancy
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uterus increases size during pregnancy by
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X500-1000
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indicates the number of times the mother has been pregnant, regardless of whether these pregnancies were carried to term. A current pregnancy, if any, is included in this count.
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Gravida
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indicates the number of >20 wks births (including viable and non-viable i.e. stillbirths). Pregnancies consisting of multiples, such as twins or triplets, count as ONE birth for the purpose of this notation
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Para
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s the number of pregnancies that were lost for any reason, including induced abortions or miscarriages
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SAB or spontaneous abortion
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TAB
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therapeutic abortion
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physical exam female genitalia
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Assemble equipment prior to exam
Proper draping and assist client to comfortable position Inspect external genitalia Palpate urethra and Skene’s glands, Bartholin’s glands Speculum exam: inspect cervix, obtain samples for pap smear, wet prep, and GC/CT Bimanual examination |
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Bimanual exam
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Palpate vaginal wall
Assess cervix for tenderness, consistency, mobility, contour Uterus for size, tenderness, position Position: anteflexed, anteverted, midline, retroverted, retroflexed Adnexa: size, mobility, tenderness Rectovaginal examination |
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in male, lies in front of the anterior wall of the rectum
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prostate
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infants first defecation is green due to?
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meconium due to digestion of amniotic fluid
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Prostate gland enlarges during
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middle adult years—BPH (Benign prostatic hypertrophy)
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Colorectal cancer is the ______ most common cancer among men and women in the United States
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third most common cancer among men and women
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4 basic tests for colon cancer
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sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and double contrast barium enema
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Tanner staging males
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puberty begins between 9½ to 13½ years of age
Tanner maturity ratings: 1st sign is enlargement of testes, then pubic hair appears, then increase in penile size (table 24-1) Takes 2-5 yrs (3 yrs is average) |
