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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Apgar score?
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A numerical value that permits a rapid assessment of the need for resuscitation based on five signs that indicate the physiologic state of the neonate
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What is assessed for the Apgar score?
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1. Heart rate, based on auscultation with a stethoscope
2. Respiratory rate, based on observed movement of the chest wall 3. Muscle tone, based on the degree of flexion and movement of the extremities 4. Reflex irritability, based on response to gentle slaps on the soles of the feet 5. Generalized skin color, described as pallid, cyanotic, or pink |
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How should the infant's general skin color be described?
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1. Pallid
2. Cyanotic 3. Pink |
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What are the values of each Apgar assessment?
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0, 1, or 2
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What do the Apgar scores mean?
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1. Scores of 0 to 3 indicates severe distress
2. Scores of 4 to 6 indicate moderate difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life 3. Scores of 7 to 10 indicate that the infant is having no difficulty adjusting to extrauterine life |
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When is the Apgar score evaluated?
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1 AND 5 minutes after birth
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When is CPR performed (should it be needed)?
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Before the 1-minute Apgar score
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What are the expected outcomes for the newborn during the immediate recovery period?
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1. Maintain effective breathing patterns
2. Maintain effective thermoregulation 3. Remain free from infection 4. Receive necessary nutrition for growth |
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What is the proper suction time?
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Suctioning for 5 seconds or less per tube insertion helps prevent vagal stimulation and hypoxia
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What conditions are essential for maintaining an adequate O2 supply?
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1. A clear airway
2. Effective respiratory efforts 3. Adequate circulation, adequate perfusion, and effective cardiac function 4. Adequate thermoregulation (exposure to cold stress increases O2 and glucose needs) |
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What are the signs of potential complications related to abnormal breathing?
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1. Bradypnea: respirations < or = 25/min
2. Tachypnea: respirations > or = 60/min 3. Abnormal breaths sounds: crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, expiratory grunt 4. Respiratory distress: nasal flaring, retractions, chin tug, labored breathing |
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What range should the ambient temperature of the nursery or the mother's room be kept at?
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23.8 to 26.1 degrees C
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What should a healthy newborn's skin temperature be maintained at?
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About 36.5 to 37 degrees C
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How long should the warming process take place to warm up a hypothermic infant?
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Slowly over a period of 2 to 4 hours
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What ophthalmic intervention is mandatory in the U.S.?
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Instillation of prophylactic agent into the eyes of all neonates
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What is ophthalmic neonatorum?
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An inflammation of the eyes resulting from gonorrheal or chlamydial infection contracted by the neonatal from the mother through the birth canal
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How is the prophylactic agent instilled into the eyes?
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1. Thumb and forefinger are used to open the eye
2. Medication is placed in the lower conjunctiva from the inner canthus to the outer canthus |
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What are some of the agents used to prevent ophthalmic neonatorum?
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1. Erythromycin
2. Tetracycline 3. Silver nitrate |
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How does the umbilical cord deteriorate?
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By the process of dry gangrene
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What are the baseline measurements of physical growth?
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1. Weight
2. Circumference 3. Length |
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What is the normal weight range of term infants?
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2500 to 4000 grams
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What is the normal head-to-chest circumference?
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1:1 ratio or the head is 2 cm greater than the chest; but chest should NOT exceed head circumference
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What is the normal head-to-heel length of a term infant?
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45 to 55 cm
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What are the classifications of birth weight?
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1. Large for gestational age (LGA)
2. Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) 3. Small for gestational age (SGA) 4. Low birth weight (LBW) 5. Very low birth weight (VLBW) 6. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) |
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What is large for gestational age (LGA)?
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Weight is above the 90th percentile (or two or more standard deviations above the norm) at any week
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What is appropriate for gestational age (AGA)?
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Weight falls between the 10th and 90th percentiles for the infant's age
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What is small for gestational age (SGA)?
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Weight is below the 10th percentile (or two or more standard deviations below the norm) at any week
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What is low birth weight (LBW)?
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Weight of 2500 grams or less at birth
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What is very low birth weight (VLBW)?
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Weight of 1500 grams or less at birth
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What is intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?
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Term applied to the fetus whose rate of growth does not meet the expected norms
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What are the classifications of gestational ages?
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1. Preterm or premature
2. Late preterm or near term 3. Term 4. Postterm (postdate) 5. Postmature |
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What is preterm or premature?
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Born before completion of 37 weeks of gestation, regardless of weight
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What is late preterm or near term?
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Born between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation
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What is term?
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Born between the beginning of week 38 and the end of week 42 of gestation
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What is postterm (postdate)?
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Born after completion of week 42 of gestation
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What is postmature?
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Born after completion of week 42 of gestation and showing effects of progressive placental insufficiency
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What is the clinical presentation of infants in respiratory distress?
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Flaccid and in a "frog-leg" posture
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What is swaddling?
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An effective technique in reducing excessive immature motor responses
(aka: containment) |
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Where is the acceptable injection site of newborns?
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Vastus lateralis muscle
(outer thigh muscle) |
