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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the categories for care in the family planning continuum?
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1. Preconception
2. Prenatal 3. Intrapartum 4. Postpartum 5. Newborn 6. Interconception 7. Child from infancy to 1 year of age |
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What is influenced by culturally related health beliefs and values?
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1. Family structure and function
2. Care-seeking behavior 3. Relationships with providers |
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What are the five categories of family?
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1. Married parents
2. Married-blended family 3. Cohabiting parents 4. Single-parent family 5. No-parent families |
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What is kin?
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The extended family members
(grandparents, aunt or uncles, or other people related by blood) |
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What is a "sandwich generation"?
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The parent(s) of a nuclear family who provide care for their children as well as older relatives (their own parents = the children's grandparents, etc.)
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What is culture?
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1. The values, beliefs, norms, and practices of a group of people that are learned and shared and that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in a patterned way
2. A patterned behavioral response that develops over time as a result of imprinting the mind through social and religious structures and intellectual and artistic manifestations |
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What does culture influence?
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1. Perceptions of illness
2. Health care-seeking behavior 3. Response to treatment 4. Food 5. Language 6. Religion 7. Art 8. Relationships |
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What is subculture?
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A group existing within a larger cultural system that retains its own chracteristics
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What is acculturation?
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The changes in one's cultural pattern to those of the host society
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What is consistent with the family developmental theory during times of stress?
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People revert to practices and behaviors that are most comfortable and familiar
(even if they are acculturated) |
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What is assimilation?
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Becoming in all ways like the members of the dominant culture
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The view that one's own culture's way of doing things is the best
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How can nurses provide culturally competent care for childbearing families?
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Nurses must consider all aspects of culture including communication, space, time orientation, and family roles
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What is often the most challenging obstacle for nurses working with clients from diverse cultural groups?
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Communication
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What does the process of communication involve?
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1. An understanding of the individual's language, including subtle-variations in meaning and distinctive dialects
2. Appreciation of the individual differences in interpersonal style 3. Accurate interpretation of the volume of speech, as well as the meanings of touch and gestures |
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What presents a significant barrier to effective health care?
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Inconsistencies between the language of clients and the language of providers
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What is interpretation?
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Oral communication from one language to another
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What is translation?
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Written words from one language to another
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What actions can decrease personal security and heighten anxiety?
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Actions such as touching, placing the woman in proximity to others, taking away personal possessions, and making decisions for the woman (without her involvement)
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What must nurses be cognizant of with touch?
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Touch may cause emotional distress in some cultures
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What is a fundamental way in which culture affects health behaviors?
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Time orientation
(people in cultural groups may be relatively more oriented to past, present, or future) |
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What do family roles involve?
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The expectations and behaviors associated with a member's position in a larger family system (i.e. mother, father, or grandparent)
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What are the strategies for care delivery?
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1. Break down the language barrier
2. Explain your rationale and reasons for suggestions 3. Integrate folk and Western treatments 4. Enlist the family caretaker and others 5. Get consent from the right person 6. Provide language-appropriate materials |
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How can nurses exercise sensitivity?
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Be careful to assess the ways in which each family applies their own mixture of cultural traditions
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What is cultural competence?
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The application of care in a manner that is congruent with the client's culture
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What is the opposite of cultural competence?
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Ethnocentrism
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What are some key components of culturally competent care?
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1. Personal insight into the reality that there is disparity between one's own culture and that of the client
2. Ability of nurse to understand the behaviors of clients from her own unique cultural background 3. Ability to take abstract knowledge about the other cultures and apply it in a practical way, so that the quality of service improves and policies are enacted that meet the needs of all clients 4. Ability to communicate respectfulness for a wide range of differences, including use of alternative therapies 5. Recognition of the importance of culturally different communication styles, problem-solving techniques, concepts of space and time, and desires to be involved with care decisions 6. Anticipating the need to address varying degrees of language ability and literacy, as well as barriers to care and compliance with treatment, is key to the ability to plan effective care |
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What is of equal importance in terms of health outcomes as it is to issues of preserving and promoting human dignity?
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Development of cultural competence
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What type of nurse can motivate clients in the direction of health-promoting behaviors?
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Nurses who relate effectively with clients
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What does provider competence to address language barriers facilitate?
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Appropriate tailoring of health messages and preventive health teaching
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What do cross-cultural experiences present?
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An opportunity for the health care professional to expand cultural sensitivity, awareness, and skills
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What is vulnerability?
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The likelihood of having poor health or experiencing premature death
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What are the forms of vulnerability?
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1. Sociocultural
2. Economic 3. Environmental risk factors |
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What contributes to excess disease burden for some groups, especially African-American, Hispanics, and Asian populations?
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1. Poverty
2. Poor access to care 3. Lack of preventive services 4. Inadequate health knowledge 5. Inadequate skills |
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What percentage of the U.S. population is female?
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51%
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What significant challenges do women face?
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1. Accessing health care system
2. Meeting their own health needs and those of the family members |
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What are the sources of women's vulnerability?
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1. Gender
2. Socioeconomic status 3. Race/ethnicity 4. Significant gaps in the quality of care for women when compared to men |
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What contributes to the less than acceptable quality of health care for women?
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1. Lack of health insurance
2. Living in a medically underserved area 3. Inability to obtain needed services, particularly basic services such as prenatal care |
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What are low levels of educational attainment associated with?
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1. Lack of health care resources
2. Difficulty navigating the health care system |
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What percentage of women experience a disproportionate burden of disease, disability, and premature death?
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29.3%
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What are the major perinatal indicators related to health care disparities among ethnic groups?
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1. Low birth weight (LBW)
2. Preterm birth 3. Infant mortality |
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Which ethnic groups have the highest infant mortality rate?
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Native American, Alaska Native, and Puerto Rican women
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What do minority women, especially those who live in poverty, have higher rates of?
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Chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, hepatitis, AIDS, and mental health issues
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What are women with underlying health issues at high risk for?
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1. Poor obstetric outcomes for both themselves and their infants
2. Preterm labor and gestational hypertension 3. Intrauterine growth restriction resulting in the birth of infants who are small for their gestational age |
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What factors cause adolescents girls to be considered a vulnerable group?
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1. Social factors (disadvantaged environments)
2. High risk behaviors (substance abuse, diet and exercise, injury and violence, and sexuality) |
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What is the prevalence of teen pregnancy?
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4 out of 10 becoming pregnant before age 20
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Which STI is most prevalent among adolescent and young adult females?
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Chlamydia and gonorrhea
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What are important health promotion elements for the older women (over age 65) population?
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Improving self-care activities such as diet and exercise
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What do communication barriers affect?
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Access to care, particularly in such areas as making appointments, applying for services, and obtaining transportation
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What situations have been linked to language barriers?
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Disparities in preventive care, early screening for cancer, utilization of health care services
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What is the leading cause of death in women?
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Coronary heart disease
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What type of work are migrant workers involved?
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1. Agriculture
2. Tobacco production 3. Fishing 4. Mining industries |
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What problems do migrant workers face?
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1. Financial instability
2. Child labor 3. Poor housing 4. Lack of education (average is level is 7th grade) 5. Language and cultural barriers 6. Limited access to health and social services |
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What health problems are common among migrant workers?
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1. Poor dental health
2. DM 3. HTN 4. Malnutrition 5. Tuberculosis 6. Parasitic infections |
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What is linked to high infant mortality rates in rural areas?
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1. Disproportionate distribution of poverty
2. Race/ethnicity 3. Age 4. Education 5. Availability and access to medical resources |
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What are the major factors for homelessness among women?
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1. Poverty
2. Acute and chronic health problems 3. Substance abuse 4. Domestic violence |
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What do health issues among the homeless result from?
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1. Lack of preventive care
2. Lack of resources in general |
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What health problems are rampant in the homeless population?
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1. Chronic illness
2. Asthma 3. Circulatory problems 4. Diabetes |
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What are homeless women at great risk for?
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1. Domestic abuse
2. Assault 3. Rape |
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What barriers to perinatal care do homeless women face?
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1. Inadequate nutrition
2. Inadequate weight gain 3. Anemia 4. Bleeding problems 5. Preterm delivery 6. Transportation 7. Distance 8. Wait times |
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What challenge do nurses face with the homeless women population?
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To treat them with dignity and respect to establish a therapeutic relationship
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What role do nurses have with the homeless?
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Advocating for funding to support homeless health services and to improve access to preventive care for all homeless populations
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