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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of panic attack:
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Intense feelings of apprehension, fear, terror
Intense physical symptoms that often occur unexpectedly |
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Diagnosis of panic disorder:
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> 1mo of persistent concern about having another panic attack
At least two uncued panic attacks within a month |
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Three types of panic attacks:
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Un-cued
Situationally bound Situationally predisposed |
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Situationally bound means:
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Occurs immediately upon exposure to/anticipation of a trigger
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Situationally predisposed means:
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May or may not have an attack associated with an event... can occur following a trigger
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S/s of panic:
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Chest pain, nausea, dizziness, depersonalization, numbness and tingling, etc
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Length of panic attacks:
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15-30 minutes
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Onset of panic attacks in lifespan:
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Average late 20's
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50% of panic attack sufferers also suffer from:
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Agoraphobia
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Define phobia:
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Illogical, intense, persistent fear of an object or situation
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Phobia vs. fear:
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Phobia interferes with normal functioning
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Define obsessions:
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Persistent ideas, thoughts, or images that cause anxiety or distress
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Define compulsions:
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Repetitive behaviors or mental acts, the goal of which is to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress
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Does the OCD person recognize that the obsessions/compulsions are excessive/unreasonable?
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Yes, but they can't stop
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Common obsessions:
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Contamination
Repeated doubts Need for order Aggressive/horrific impulses |
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Expressions of compulsions:
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Repeated checking, counting, ordering, cleaning, etc
Sometimes according to very rigid, elaborate rules (good/bad numbers) |
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Pharmaceutical tx of OCD:
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SSRIs
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Nonpharmaceutical tx of OCD:
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CBT
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PTSD is:
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traumatic event being persistently re-experienced by the individual
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Ways PTSD is experienced:
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Intrusive recollections
Flashbacks Feeling the event is reoccuring |
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S/s of PTSD:
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Feeling detachment
Sense of foreshortened future Avoiding activities/places/people that might arouse recollections Nightmares, flashbacks Hypervigilance Startle response Anger outbursts Insomnia |
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Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:
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Constant, unrealistic, excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events
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S/s of generalized anxiety disorder:
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Problems concentrating
Restlessness Irritability Sleep disturbance Fatigue Muscle tension |
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Assessment of anxiety should include:
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Observing visible/physical signs
Rule out medical causes Question to uncover cognitive manifestations and distress Addressing resources & current support systems |
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Most common psychiatric illness:
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Anxiety
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Most under diagnosed psychiatric illness:
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Anxiety
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Four primary nursing dx for anxiety:
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Anxiety
Ineffective individual coping Fear Readiness for enhanced coping |
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Most common psychotherapeutic intervention for anxiety:
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CBT
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Goal of CBT in anxiety:
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Help client reframe appraisal and use behavioral strategies to reduce anxiety
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Individual psychotherapy for anxiety is focused on:
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Insight - unconscious meaning of anxiety
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Stress management techniques:
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Relaxation training (progressive muscle relaxation, imagery)
Meditation Yoga Physical exercise |
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Two types of exposure therapy:
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Systematic desensitization
Flooding |
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Describe systematic desensitization:
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Develop a fear hierarchy then present stimuli in order from least anxiety-inducing to most
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Describe flooding:
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Remain in presence of the feared stimuli for long enough to allow for habituation
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Describe contingency management:
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When an agreed-upon behavior is demonstrated, a positive reinforcement is given
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Techniques for social skills training:
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Modeling
Role play Problem solving Coaching |
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Benzodiazepines are mainly used with anxiety from:
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Panic, GAD
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MAO inhibitors are mainly used with anxiety from:
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PTSD, phobias
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SSRIs are mainly used with anxiety from:
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GAD, panic disorder, phobias, OCD, PTSD
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Tricyclic antidepressants are mainly used with anxiety from:
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phobias, panic, GAD, PTSD
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Propranolol is used for anxiety from:
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Phobias, GAD, panic, PTSD
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Carbamazepine, valproic acid, and lithium carbonate are used for anxiety from:
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PTSD
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Side effects of benzodiazepines:
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Drowsiness
Depression Lethargy Fatigue Constipation |
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How are benzodiazepines used to treat anxiety?
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For a short time then tapered off
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What antidepressants don't mix?
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MAOI with either TCA or SSRI
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How does SSRI dosage change when using it for OCD treatment?
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Needs to be higher
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How do tricyclic antidepressants affect the heart?
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Elongates the ST interval
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