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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the avascular outer layer of the skin?
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Epidermis
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Which layer of the skin contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatics?
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Dermis (Inner layer)
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Which glands produce sweat/perspiration?
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Eccrine Glands
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What age do the Eccrine Glands mature?
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2 months
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What glands are in hair follicles and activated during puberty?
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Apocrine Glands
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Where are the Apocrine Glands located?
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axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids, & external ears
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What does the Apocrine Glands secrete in response to emotional stimuli & heat?
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Decomposition of apocrine sweat produces body odor (action of bacteria on fluid)
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What do the Sebaceous Glands secrete?
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Sebum (oil) that lubricates skin & nails
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What is the fine, soft, non pigmented hair that covers the body?
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Vellus
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What is the coarse, thick, pigmented hair on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillae, pubic?
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Terminal
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What is the subcutaneous tissue made of?
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Adipose
Hypodermis |
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What are the functions of the skin?
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Protect
Sensory Perception Thermoregulation Replaces cells in surface wounds Adsorption & excretion Vit D Production |
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Dysplastic mole
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A mole with change which may indicate a precancer or cancerous condition.
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Xerosis
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excessive dryness
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Seborrhea
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Dandruff, oily flakes of skin
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Pruritus
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Itching
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Alopecia
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diffuse, patchy or total hair loss
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Trichotillomania
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pulling hair out
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Excess terminal hair growth from increased androgen production by adrenal glands?
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Hirsutism
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Absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas?
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Vitiligo
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Ephelides
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Freckles
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Pigmented Nevi
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Moles (inspect for change)
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White or lighter coloration, ashen gray with brown/black skin?
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Pallor
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Erythema
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Red "flushed appearance"
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What would make the skin have a pallor appearance?
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Anxiety/fear
Cold/cigarette smoking Shock Arterial insufficiency/anemia |
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What causes erythema?
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Hyperemia (excess blood)
Polycythemia (increased RBC's) Venous stasis (lack of blood draining to heart) Carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Bluish, gray skin?
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Cyanosis
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What causes cyanosis?
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Decreased perfusion of tissues (tissue hypoxia)
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Yellow or icteric skin?
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Jaundice
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Cherry angiomas
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Tiny blood blister (bright red papular lesions)
trunk, upper chest, extremities |
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Telangiecatases
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Dilated superficial blood vessels
Spider angioma |
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Petechiae
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1-3 mm, deep red, rounded
Caused by bacteremia, bleeding disorders |
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Purpura
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patch of petechiae
reddish, purple irregular |
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Ecchymosis
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typical bruise
Purple, blueish, fading to green, yellow, brown |
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Hematoma
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subcutaneous nodule (raised bruise)
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Initial lesion
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Primary lesion
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Secondary Lesion
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results from change in primary lesion
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Flat lesions
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Macule
Patch |
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Macule
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flat, circumscribed, discolored, <1 cm (freckles, solar lentigens "liver spots", flat nevi, petchia)
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Patch
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flat, irregular, >1 cm (vitiligo)
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Raised lesions
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papule
plaques nodule tumor wheal urticaria |
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Papule
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solid, elevated, circumscribed, <1 cm (raised nevus, wart(verruca))
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Plaques
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coalesced papules, >1 cm (psoriasis)
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Nodule
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solid, elevated, 1-2 cm (lipoma+fatty growth)
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tumor
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larger than a few cm, firm or soft (lipoma)
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wheal
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superficial, raised, erythematous, irregular (allergic reaction, PPD, mosquito bite)
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Urticaria
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Hives: wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic
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Fluid Filled
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Vesicle
Bulla Pustule Cyst |
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Vesicle
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elevated cavity with clear fluid, <1 cm (herpes simplex varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis
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Bulla
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elevated cavity with fluid, >1 cm (blister, burns)
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Pustule
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contains pu, filled with leukocytes, not necessarily infected (acne)
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Cyst
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encapsulated fluid filled cavity in dermis or SQ (sebaceous cyst)
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Crust
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thickened dried exudate (dried serum/blood/pus)
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Scale
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compact flakes of skin (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, seborrhea)
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Fissure
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linear crack (cheilosis(corners of mouth), callused heels, tinea pedis)
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Ulcer
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deep depression into dermis
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Excoriation
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superficial abrasion
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Scar
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connective tissue replacing normal tissue
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Hypertrophic scar
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keloid, scar excess increased collagen formation
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Lichenification
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thickening of skin (eczema)
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Annular
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ring, clear center
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Semiannular
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1/2 ring
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Discrete
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isolated
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Confluent
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lesions run together
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Grouped
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cluseter of lesions
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Gyrate
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coiled, spiral, snake-like
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Iris or target
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solid center
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Webb
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like lace pattern
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Zosteriform
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linear vesicles along a nerve route (shingles)
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Zostavax is recommended after what age?
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60 for shingles
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Coral red Woods light?
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Bacterial
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Blue/green Woods light?
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Fungal
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KOH
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potassium hydroxide to see fungal infections
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tinea corporis
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ringworm
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tinea cruris
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jock itch
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tinea pedis
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athletes foot
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tinea capitus
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fungal scalp infection
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Most deadly, highly metastatic, grows deep, skin cancer?
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Malignant Melanoma
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What is the most common type of skin cancer that grow slowly?
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Basal Cell Cancer (BCC)
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Which skin cancer grow the most rapidly?
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Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC)
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Actinic Keratosis
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pink, scaly papules, maybe a precursor to SCC
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What are the ABCD characteristics of skin cancer?
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A=asymmetry
B=boarder, irregular C=Color D=Diameter (>6 mm) |
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Koilonychia
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spoon nails/ concave (iron deficiency anemia)
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Paronychia
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inflammation/infection of skin around nail bed
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Onycholysis
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loosening of nail plate (fungal infection)
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Pitting
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psoriasis
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Subungual hematoma
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bleeding under nail plate
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