N1Wk2- 8-8 Anatomy Pharynx And Larynx

Front 1

Three divisions of the pharynx
a. location
b. role

Back 1

1. nasopharynx-
2. oropharynx
3. larynx

Front 2

Describe the three phases of swallowing

Back 2

1. oral- mastication
2. oropharyngeal phase- elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue to push bolus into the oropharynx
3. pharyngo-esophageal phase- oropharynx elevates and constricts around the bolus and propels it down the esophagus

Front 3

Describe the positional difference of the larynx in human neonate and adult...

Back 3

epiglottis in infants articulates with the softpalate,
- 4 months- larynx drops from back of throat to position in neck
NEURO airway protection
Vestibule protected by inferior branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Front 4

for the 1st division of the pharynx
a. location
b. role

Back 4

Nasopharynx
a. posterior to nasal
b. communicates with nasal cavity via the choanae, middle ear via auditory tube and oropharynx via pharyngeal isthmus

Front 5

for the 2nd division of the pharynx
a. locaiton
b. role

Back 5

a. behind oral cavity
b. communicates with nasopharynx via pharyngeal ISTHMUS and oral cavity via faucial isthmus

Front 6

For 3rd division of the pharynx
a. location
b. where or what structures it communicates with oropharynx

Back 6

Laryngopharynx
a. posterior to the larynx
b. level of hyoid, larynx via laryngeal aditus

Front 7

What do piriform recesses do and what innervates them?

What would pooling suggest?

Back 7

Recesses dilate it patient says "aaah" in low voice
- innervated by internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve, blood from superior laryngeal artery

- pooling sign means obstruction or paralysis of the upper esophagus

Front 8

Describe what forms the iner layer of muscular fascia in the pharyngeal wall?

Back 8

pharyngobasilar fascia

Front 9

List the elevator muscles and innervations of each for pharynx

Back 9

1. stylopharyngeus- SVE fibers of IX nerve
2. Salpingopharyngeus- CNX
3. palatopharyngeus- CNX

Front 10

What is the important space between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia?
Why is this an area of concern

Back 10

Finger in retropharyngeal space behind larynx for cervical fusion
- Infections can spread due to fact that continuous from base of skull to mediastinum

Front 11

Name the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and their innervation?

What is significant constrictor muscle that allows for pharyngeal speech?

Back 11

1. superior constrictor
2. Middle constrictor
3. Inferior constrictor- cricopharyngeus muscle used during speech after removal of larynx

Front 12

Describe the motor and sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx...

Back 12

GVA from glossopharyngeal CN9
SVE from pharyngeal branch of the CN10
except stylopharyngeus

Front 13

What cartilage of the larynx articulates with cricoid cartilage and why is this important for phonation?

Back 13

Arytenoid cartilages have L shaped turn style that rotate and move to control their posterior attachments to the vocal cords

Front 14

What forms the adam's apple?

Back 14

thyroid laminae form the laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)

Front 15

What are the three folds that form the sphincters of the larynx

Back 15

aryepiglottic folds, vestivular folds, vocal folds protect lower respiratory passages

Front 16

What is the significance of the valleculae epiglottica?

Back 16

during intubation blade is often placed in the valleculae epiglottica... when the blade moves forward it moves the tongue and epiglottis which opens the laryngeal aditus.

Front 17

Where would you cut in relation to anatomy for cricothyrotomy airway?

Back 17

cricothyroid membrane, dont puncture too high due to vocal fold

Front 18

what are the two joints of the larynx and which one functions during increases of pitch?

Back 18

1. cricothyroid joint- functions during increases in pitch
2. cricoartenoid joint

Front 19

Name the four muscles of the larynx and which is the only abductor of the vocal cords (folds)

Back 19

1. posterior cricoarytenoid- only abductor
2. lateral cricoarytenoid
3. arytenoideus
4. Cricothyroid-

Front 20

Explain the relationship between the vocalis and cricothyroid muscle

Back 20

vocalis - opposes cricothyroid
Cricothyroid muscle- rock thyrocartilage forward increases tension on vocal ligament increases pitch

Front 21

What is the chief sensory nerve that innervates the larynx?

Back 21

IbSLN- internal branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve
Supplies GVA sensory to interior larynx (cough reflex)
- GVE to saccule

Front 22

What is not innervated by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve within the larynx

Back 22

cricothyroid is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Front 23

Describe the laryngeal cough reflex (LCR) and how it relates to innervation of the larynx

Back 23

IbSLN represent the afferent component of LCR

if not present there is a risk of developing aspiration pneumonia

Front 24

Lymphatic of larynx what is the landmark?

Back 24

vocal folds drainage
inferiorly below
superiorly above

Front 25

What is the rima vestibularis?

Back 25

elliptical shaped opening formed by the free edge of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Front 26

What is the rima glottis?

Back 26

(Rim of vocal folds)
opening formed by the free margin of the vocal folds. During respiration they are diamond shaped and during vocalization they are slit shaped

Front 27

For people who play wind instruments and put lots of pressure in their airway what is folding out?

Back 27

ventricle puffs out

Front 28

What is the laryngeal aditus?

Back 28

triangular shaped opening between the laryngo-pharynx and the larynx, which collapses inward during swallowing and is covered by the epiglottis