N114 Theory Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

How many bones do we have in our body?

Back 1

206

Front 2

How are bones classified?

Back 2

By shape:
Irregular
Long
Short
Flat

Front 3

Example of an irregular bone?

Back 3

jaw

Front 4

Example of a long bone?

Back 4

femur

Front 5

Example of a short bone?

Back 5

fingers

Front 6

Example of a flat bone?

Back 6

scapula

Front 7

Hormones that can cause anabolism and increased bone mass

Back 7

androgens

Front 8

This hormone is responsible for increasing bone length

Back 8

growth hormone

Front 9

This regulates protein metabolism and aids in regulating intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption

Back 9

glucocorticoids

Front 10

The most common mineral in the human body; about 99% of it is found in bones and teeth

Back 10

calcium

Front 11

Hormone that stimulates osteoblastic activity and inhibits PTH

Back 11

estrogens

Front 12

If calcium in blood is lowered, this hormone stimulates bone to promote osteoclastic activity and release calcium into the blood, thus raising calcium levels

Back 12

parathyroid hormone

Front 13

This promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the small intestine

Back 13

Vitamin D

Front 14

Works together with growth hormone to build and maintain healthy bone tissue

Back 14

insulin

Front 15

Works together with calcium to build strong bones and teeth

Back 15

phosphorus

Front 16

Increases the rate of protein synthesis in all types of tissue, including bone

Back 16

thyroxine

Front 17

If serum levels are increased above normal, this hormone will decrease them by inhibiting bone reabsorption and increasing renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus

Back 17

calcitonin

Front 18

What Are The Functions of Musculoskeletal

Back 18

- Framework for body
- Supports surrounding tissues
- Movement
- Protection
- Makes RBCs in Red Bone Marrow
- Storage for minerals and salts

Front 19

Diarthrodial joints:

Back 19

joints that are freely movable (elbow, hip, shoulder, wrist, thumb)

Front 20

Synarthrodial joints:

Back 20

Joints that are immovable (skull)

Front 21

Amphiarthrodial joints:

Back 21

Joints that are slightly moveable (pelvis, vertebrae) Separated by fibrous cartilage

Front 22

What Are The Musculoskeletal 
Changes Associated With Aging?

Back 22

- Slowed movement
- weakening bones (esp d/t decrease in estrogen which is used to stimulate osteoblast activity)
- Decrease muscle mas, bone density, ROM
- cartilage degeneration

Front 23

What Are Nursing Assessment Methods of Musculoskeletal Systems?

Back 23

*Assess posture
*ADLs
ROM, gait, strength, etc.

Front 24

ADLs vs. IADLS

Back 24

ADLs- basic level of functioning- feeding oneself, getting around the house, etc
IADLs- Instrumental ADLs- Higher Level ADLs, Shopping, using the phone, doing laundry, etc.

Front 25

What lab is increased with metabolic bone disease and bone cancer, infection, rised in proportion to osteoblastic activity, and increased with liver damage?

Back 25

ALP --> Alkaline phosphatase

Front 26

What lab is used as a specific indicator of inflammation?

Back 26

CRP --> C Reactive Protein

Front 27

What lab is used to measure the speed with which RBC’c settle in a tube of anticoagulant blood to mark the presence of inflammations?

Back 27

ESR

Front 28

What lab rises after muscular injury in about 2 to 4 hours, or in muscular dystrophy?

Back 28

CK3 --> Creatine Kinase

Front 29

What lab rises in certain muscle disease and skeletal muscle trauma?

Back 29

AST --> Aspartase aminotransferase

Front 30

What lab rises in skeletal muscle necrosis, extensive cancer, and/or progressive muscular dystrophy?

Back 30

LDH --> Lactic dehydrogenase

Front 31

What are the diagnostic tests for assessing musculoskeletal system?

Back 31

XRay
CT Scan
MRI

Front 32

What is important to assess for when it comes to XRays?

Back 32

Assess for pregnancy

Front 33

What is important to assess for when it comes to CT Scans?

Back 33

Check for allergies (iodine shellfish), BUN & Creaninine levels (b/c contrast can harm kidneys)
Drug interactions- metformin (diabetes) must home 48 hrs post procedure
Claustrophobia
Pregnancy (!)

Front 34

What is important to assess for when it comes to MRIs?

Back 34

Remove jewelry
No pacemakers
Explain procedure to pt and family

Front 35

Radiography
Tomography
Fluoroscopy
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Ultrasonography
Are all Invasive or invasive diagnostic tests? What do they test for?

Back 35

Non invasive

They test for structure

Front 36

Arthrography
Arthroscopy
Are Invasive or invasive diagnostic tests? What do they test for?

Back 36

invasive

They test for structure

Front 37

Which statement is false about MRI?
A. Credit cards with magnetic strips may be erased.
B. Nonremovable cochlear implant devices can become inoperable.
C. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauze.
D. Jewelry and hair clips must be removed before the MRI is performed.

Back 37

C. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauze.

Front 38

Which group has the greatest risk for bone injury?
A. Older adult men regardless of exercise habits
B. Young adults who exercise frequently
C. Older adult women regardless of exercise habits
D. Children who never or rarely exercise

Back 38

C. Older adult women regardless of exercise habits

Front 39

Which factor is primarily responsible for regulating serum calcium levels?
A. Calcitonin
B. Vitamin D
C. Glucocorticoids
D. Growth hormone

Back 39

A. Calcitonin