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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age related changes in vision resulting in decreased ability to accomodate close detailed work is called
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presbyopia
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lens yellows - hardens and shrinks - loses elasticity - decreased tear production and decreased elasticity of eyelids occurs in the
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Aging adult
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Presbyopia and Arcus Senillis are normal aging visual changes
T/F |
TRUE
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age related changes in hearing resulting in decreased ability to hear high sounds is called
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presbycusis
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opaque white ring around the corners of eye due to deposits of fat is called
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arcus senillis
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what are some visual problems in the aging?
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cataracts
glaucoma macular degeneration |
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accumulation of water and alterations in lens fiber - 50% of those between 65-74
it is the third leading cause of blindness. |
cataracts
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how to treat cataracts:
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stronger visual support
(glasses, magnifier) removal of cataract pre-op medications to dilate pupil such as mydriatics, cycloplegics corticosteroid drops |
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how an RN cares for cataract pts
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assess pain and teach complications
assess for hemorrhage bleeding and infection measure IOP (10-22mmhg) teach eye drop installation |
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decreased vision gradually
abnormal color perception glare, blurry hazy vision are symptoms of |
cataracts
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aqueous humor is obstructed or there is increased production leading to increased IOP - decreased blood flow to retina and optic nerve leading to damage of both is called
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glaucoma
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what is the fluid in the eye that maintains IOP - provides nourishment and transports waste - contains electrolytes proteins , glucose, antibiotics to protect lens and cornea.
flows through small hole in pupil, circulates within anterior eye chamber and drains out lower angle of eye |
aqueous humor
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what happens when there is an increased IOP (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE)
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optic nerve atrophy
loss of nerve fibers |
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glaucoma is increased in african americans over 40 and whites over 65, family history
t/f |
true
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primary open angle CHRONIC (poag) 90%
and primary angle closure ACUTE(pacg) are types of .... |
glaucoma
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develops slowly so no symptoms
picked up in eye exams, chronic symptom eventual tunnell vision increased IOP (normal 10-22mmhg) affecst both eyes |
POAG
Primary open angle (Chronic, affects 90% cases) |
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painful red eye, headache, nausea vomiting, blurred vision, unilateral
this is a medical emergency, an ACUTE symptom |
PACG
Primary angle closure |
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how to treat glaucoma
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lower IOP to prevent nerve damage
drugs - timolol, alphagan, xalaton. |
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glaucoma with adults are difficult to treat due to illnesses that may cause side effects with drug therapy due to _____________
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systemic absorption
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an RN when caring for glaucoma patients must
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teach installation of drops
dont touch applicator to eye WAIT 2 MINUTES PRIOR TO SECOND DRIOP SO THE FIRST DROP WONT WASH OUT decrease systemic absorption by closing eye and apply gentle pressure to corner |
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the most common loss of vision over 60 due to retinal aging.
risk factors : fam histry, long term exposure to uv light, cigarette smoking and light eyes |
macular degeneration
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prevent macular degeneration by
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laser therapy
prevention of modifiable risk factors - factors that CAN be avoided (smoking, uv rays) eating green vegs |
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increased production of wax
loss of cartilage elasticity thickening of tympanic membrane presbycusis normal aging changes T/F? |
true
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blurred and darkened vision, with blind spots in visual field is a symptom of
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macular degeneration
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RN INTERVENTION
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hearing aids
speak in low pitched voice elimiate background noise stand directly in front of pt dont over articulate speak slow noise control ear irrigations assist with standing and ambulation due to vertigo change from sit to stand slow |
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w / age these things change -
adults beging to prefer sweets over not sweet |
Taste buds / TASTE
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decreased sense of smell with age
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decreased touch sensation
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an adult who is older than 65 years of age is called
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an older adult
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aged 60-75 is catergorized as
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YOUNG old
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aged 85 and older is catergorized as
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OLD old
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over 75 years old with health concerns is catergorized as
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FRAIL elderly
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the branch of medicine dealing with psychological and physological aspects of aging
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geriatrics
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the study of all aspects of aging process and its consequences
more personalized and individualized |
gerontology
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care of older adults based on a speciality body of knowledge of gerontology is called
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Gerontologic Nursing
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a negative attitude vased on age, older adults are stereotyped by characterics found in only a few members of the group
this is known as |
ageism
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age is influenced by many factors
including emotional and phys health. developmental stages, socioeconomic status and culture and ethnicity t/f? |
true
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old theory of aging =
aging due to lifelong genetic damage is called |
stochostic
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old theory of aging =
aging due to impairment of the cells to continue dividing |
Non-stochostic
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the theory that genes control are genetic clocks
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genetic theory
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the theory that immune systems destroys foreign agents but declines with age
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immunity theory
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damage to dna as one ages
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cross-linkage theory
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molecules with separated high energy electrons which can have adverse affects - bi products have adverse effects
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free radical theory
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age related changes affect every bodysystem - changes are normal and occur as one ages - age at which these changes occur are different from person to person
thisis called the |
psychological changes of aging
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decreased melanin and hair follicles resulting in gray or white - decreased amt on face pubic and axillary areas
are physiological changes to |
HAIR
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lens yellows, hardens shrinks and lsoes elasticity, decreased tears and elasticity of eyelids -
are physiological changes to |
eyes and vision
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age related changes in vision, decreased ability to accomodate close deatailed work is called
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presbyopia
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increased production of wax, hair growth in canal and loss of elasticity of cartilage, thickening tympanic membrane
are physiological changes in |
hearing
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hearing loss results in sensitity to high tones, balance problems build up of wax
t/f |
true
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age related changes in hearing, decreased ability to hear high sounds and sibilant consonants
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presbycusis
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what are neurological changes in the aging?
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decreased cerebral blood flow, temperature, loss of neurons, myelin in nerves, increased deep sleep
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nerological changes in aging lead to
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memory loss
decreased touch sensation sleep patterns change altered balance - high risk for falls more time to retrieve information due to loss of cerebral neurons |
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changing in mental status is NOT normal - it is indicative of ....
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Infection!
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some cardiovascular changes
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decreased cardiac output
heart rate slow recovery time increased demand for o2 decreased blood flow to vital organs decreased Stroke volume |
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amt of blood ejected by left ventricle is known as ______________ the aging experience a decrease of this with age
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stroke volume
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difficult in finding an apical pulse, shortness of breath and fatigue are signs of
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cardiovascular symptoms with aging
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a pt has a barrel chest, chest wall stiffens, thickening of the mucous, decreased lung elasticity and increased residual volume
they are experiencing what type of symptoms of aging |
respiratory symptoms
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respiratory symptoms lead to
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decreased oxygen, cough
dyspnea (shortness of breath) dec excercise tolerance, chest changes |
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a change of taste buds due to a decrease in smell, loss of teeth, slow down of intestinal tract (peristalsis) are examples of
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GI changes
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what is difficulty of swallowing called
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dysphagia
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decreased bone density, muscle cells, loss of calcium, increased rigidit, decreased mobility, decreased range of motion and loss of elasticity of ligaments is symptoms in
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musculoskelta system
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in the reproductive system with aging - males have
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prostate enlargement
decreased sperm count decreased testosterone breast enlargement |
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in the reproductive system with aging, females have
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decreased oragan size
decreased ovarian function |
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what results in aging of the female reproductive system ?
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menopause
drying and thinning of vaginal walls increased vag secretions loss of pelvic muscle tone, urinary incontinence |
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hematological systems (blood) in the aging adult are
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decreased circulation
decreased clotting time decreased iron |
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what results due to hematological changes
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pallor of cyanosis of nail beds
nails thicken and brittle skin color changes increased bleeding risk |
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increased blood sugar (Diabetes) and dehydrration are results of
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endocrine changes
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decreased glucose tolerance and an increased risk of hypothyroidism are symptoms of
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diabetes
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sensitivity to the eye and ear, osteoarthritis, visual and audio problems are symptoms of
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degenerative diseases
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as eyes age, lens become larger, firmer and less elastic causing visual problems
such as cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, presbycusis and osteoparthritis - this is known as |
presbyopia
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degeneration of joints, change in muscle strength causes pain, difficulty with ROM,muscle strength
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osteoarthritis
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how to treat osteoarthritis?
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tylenol (NSAIDS)
cortisone injections muscle relaxants or surgery (Total knee/hip replacement) |
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what post surgical repair includes compression stockings, ice, continous motion, wound suction - avoid hyperextension of knee, out of bed the first day ....
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total knee replacement surgery
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what post surgical repair includes pain relief, patient controlled morphine, anticoagulants (blood thiners such as coumodin, heparin)
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total hip replacement
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some complications with total hip replacement could be
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hemorrhage, neurovascular compromise, dislocation of prosthesis, blood clot (Deep vein thrombosis)
infection, pneumonia |
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forgetfullness , sensory loss and dementia are symptoms of
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cognitively impaired older adults
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who are less likely to use shelters, meal sites, low income, live alone, bad cognitive function
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homeless adults
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who has a declining physical health with at least weight loss, poor endurance, low activity, malnutrition
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frail older adults
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who experiences multiple conditions- tasks of daily living decline
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the chronically ill
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who assist with ADLs , emotional social support, managing health care, high levels of stress, experiences change in job status
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caretakers of the elderly
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know the government structures agencies
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know administaration on aging
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insurance for 65 years or older which has part A (HOSPITAL) and part B (OUTPATIENT)
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Medicare
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years generally from 40-65 are considered
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middle adult
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a gradual decrease in ovarian function with subsequent delpletion of estrogen and progesterone leading to heart disease or osteoperosis
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menopause
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time of increased personal freedom economic stability and social relationship - also increased responsibility and owns mortality
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middle adult years
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adults who do not achieve GENERATIVITY/developmental tasks tend to focus on themselves, become overly concerned with health and emotional needs
T/F |
TRUE
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when a older adult successfully accomplished tasks earlier in life , what is facilitated
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ego integrity
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the use of many medications at the same time can pose manzy hazards for older adults, this is called
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polypharmacy
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informing pt of time person place, labeling items, perparing pt for changes in routine and environment cues like clocks, pictures are all examples of
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reality orientation
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various organic disorders that progressively affect congitive functioning is called
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dementia
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temporary state of confusion, acute illness that can last from hours to weeks and resolves with treatment
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delirium
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