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4 Cards in this Set
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Vital Signs
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Indicators of health status and effectiveness of circulatory, respiratory, neural, and endocrine body fxns.
Measures temperature, pulse, BP, respiratory rate, and O2 saturation. Pain, a subjective symptom, is also a vital sign that is frequently measured. p. 503 |
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Vital Signs: Acceptable ranges for Adults
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Temperature Ranges: 36C to 38C (96.8 to 100.4 F)
Oral and Tympanic avg: 37C (98.6 F) Rectal avg. : 37.5C (99.5F) Axillary avg. : 36.5C (97.7F) Pulse avg: 60-100 beats/min. Respiration avg: 12-20 breaths/min. Blood Pressure avg: 120/80 Pulse Pressure avg: 30-50 mmHg |
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Heat is lost through...
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Radiation - transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two. Peripheral vasoDilation increases radiant heat loss. Peripheral vasoConstriction minimizes radiant heat loss. p. 505.
Conduction - transfer of heat with direct contact. Solids, liquids, and gases conduct heat through contact. Convection - through movement of air. Evaporation - energy transfer when liquid changes to gas. eg.: diaphoresis |
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Factors affecting body temperature
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Age - Temp. regulation is unstable in children until they hit puberty. Normal temp. range gradually drops as individuals approach older adulthood. Avg. oral temp. for older adults is approx. 36C (96.8F). Older adults are more sensitive to temp. changes due to poor vasomotor control, reduced amounts of subQ tissue, reduced sweat gland activity, and reduced metabolism.
Exercise- increase metabolism = increase in heat production. Can raise body temp. up to 41C (105.8F) |
