N North Dakota History Chapter 3/4

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Imaginary line that the Earth rotates on that runs through the planet from the North Pole to the South Pole

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Axis

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North Dakota is located within this Zone that is located in the middle of North America continent and about 1500 miles from any large ocean. Weather systems moved from east to west

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North temperate zone

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General direction of the movement of air from east to west

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Prevailing westerlies

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Low pressure system; air moves counterclockwise

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Cyclone

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High pressure system; air moves clockwise

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Anticyclone

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Line between a cold and a warm air mass

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Front

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A core of extremely Swift winds that influence our weather. A rope of wind that reaches 250 miles per hour

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Jetstream

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Light rainfall

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Semi arid

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Climate with Sunshine, rapid temperature changes, frequent wind, moderate precipitation, and four distinct seasons

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Continental climate

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Season or temperature averages 67 to 73 degrees. Thunderstorms occur frequently. In North Dakota usually runs from mid-may to early September

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Summer

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Runs from September to Mid November temperature the 60s during the day thirties during the nights the Hunting and harvesting season

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Fall

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The longest season in North Dakota. Usually lasts from mid November to March / April. The average temperature ranges from 17 degrees to -2 degrees

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Winter

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North Dakota shortest season. Usually lasts from May to June

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Spring

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The most extreme example of winter whether. Contains high winds and snow

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Blizzard

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What is a blanket that covers the earth. Without it nothing would grow. It is a naturally occurring mixture of mineral and organic ingredients with a definite form, structure, and composite

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Soil

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How is soil formed?

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It is a naturally occurring a mixture of mineral and organic ingredients with it definite form, structure, and composite

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Tiny pieces of rock that serve as parent material

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Sediment

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Brakes parent material or sediment into fine particles

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Weathering

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Highly decompose plant and animal remains in the soil

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Humus

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Layers of soil that form in soil profile

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Horizons

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Small and sticky texture of soil that holds a lot of water

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Clay

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Lewis and gritty texture of soil that doesn't hold water

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Sand

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Twin clay and sand texturizer is loose and crumbly and Plants grow well in the soil

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Loam

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What are the five important factors in the formation of soil?

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Parent material, climate, living organisms, typography, and time

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Basic material which forms soil

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Parent material

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Amount of rain, wind, heat, and cold that affects formation

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Climate

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Both plants and animals, helps create soil or humus

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Living organisms

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Shape of the land. Soils are affected by topography because of the amounts of water and erosion

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Topography

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Affects everything which is formed over long periods of time. May take hundreds of years to form one inch of soil

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Time

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Human activity that reduces soil quality and productivity. Poor farming methods lead to decreased productivity loss of organic matter and erosion by wind and water

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Soil degradation

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Method of farming used to control soil erosion. No plowing. Herbicides are used to control weeds.

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No-till farming

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What are the three kinds of erosion?

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Sheet erosion, Grill erosion, Gully erosion

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Gradual wearing away of a uniform layer of soil because there isn't enough education to stop it

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Sheet erosion

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Curse one runoff order forms little channels on scopes

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Rill erosion

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Channels formed by runoff water become deeper and wider as volume of water flow increases

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Gully erosion

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What conservation methods are used by farmers?

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Stubble mulching, wind strip cropping, counter strip cropping, crop rotation, Summer fallow

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Leaving stubble of harvested crops on top of the soil to prevent erosion

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Stubble mulching

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Used on large level Fields. By planting strips of different crops, wind erosion is lessened

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Wind strip cropping

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Used on hilly land, has the strips of crops with areas of grass planted between strips

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Contour strip cropping

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Growing different crops in rotation on the same land. Helps conserve soil

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Crop rotation

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Letting the land be idle for a growing season

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Summer fallow

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Crops such as flax or oats are planted in August or early fall. They grow and form a mulch that protects the cell during the winter

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Cover crops

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Why are grasslands of North Dakota important?

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Grasslands sustained livestock, provided material for shelters and served as field when was for exhausted. Grass was the great natural resource for the settlers. Today it provides food for cattle and sheep

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What were the original grasses native to the Red River Valley region

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Bluestem, porcupine, and Indian grass, switchgrass, cordgrass, green needle grass

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What kind of grasses grow in the drift Prairie region

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Needle and thread, blue grama, blue stem, June grass

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L where were the first trees located

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Along the banks of streams and rivers. Also in the turtle mountains and in the Badlands

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What percent of the state had / has trees

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Electric said that the state had trees. Today, about 30% of the state's trees are in the turtle mountains

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North Dakota state tree

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American elm

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Allowed people to obtain 160 acres of land if they planted trees on up to seven acres. These tree plans produced The Groves of trees that are found across North Dakota

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Timber culture Act

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Concerned with replanting of trees and protecting the forested areas

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U.s. Forest Service

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North Dakota state flower that is found in most areas of the state

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Prairie Rose

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What animal roams the grasslands from Mexico to the Canadian border

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Buffalo

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Who / what is responsible for the buffaloes near death Extinction

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White men killed many Buffalo just for sport but Millions were killed by tick fever

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Purchase heartlands areas for habitat of ducks. Promote wildlife in North Dakota

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Us fish and wildlife service

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Established refuges for wildlife. Stock fish in lakes

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North Dakota Game and Fish

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Private organization that sets aside wetlands in Canada

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Ducks Unlimited

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What are the types Upland game birds found in North Dakota

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Ruffed grouse, prairie chicken, grey Partridge, wild turkey, righ necked pheasant

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North Dakota state bird

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Western meadowlark

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What are some other common birds in North Dakota

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Morning Buzz, brown-headed cowbird, American coot, blue Wing teal, Sparrow

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What is some of the big game in North

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Mule deer, whitetail deer, Pronghorn or Antelope, moose, elk

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What are some predator found in North Dakota

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Coyote, Red foxs, Bobcat, mink, Beaver, mink, muskrat, weasel, Skunk, raccoon,

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Where does the name the Secretary of State come from

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The ground squirrel also known as flickertails

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What are the most common snakes in North Dakota

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Garter, bull

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What are some trees native in North Dakota

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Cottonwood, Aspen, American elm, box elder, Birch, Green Ash, Burr Oak