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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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non-polar AA
VALIMPPT |
hydrophobic
Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Trp, Met |
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polar AA
GASTTCG |
hydrophilic
Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn, Gln |
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acidic AA
AG |
negatively charged
Asp, Glu |
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basic AA
HAL |
positively charged
Lys, Arg, His |
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ph<2.4
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+1 charge
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2.4<ph<9.6
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0 charge
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9.6<ph
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-1 charge
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AA that absorb UV
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Tyr, Trp---->spectrophotometric determination
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AA that bind other compounds
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Ser, Thr, Trp<--- Phos, Sacch
Asn<------ Sacch |
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AA that form disulphide bonds
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Cysteine
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dissociation of AA
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formation of salts
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decarboxylation of AA
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biogenic amines
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transamination of AA
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2-oxoacids
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oxidative deamination
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2-oxoacids
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formation of peptide bonds
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makes peptides or proteins
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oligopeptide
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2-10AA's
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polypeptide
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>10 AA's
(around upto 50) |
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protein
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>10000 Mr
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where can we find heme
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in the following hemeproteins:
hemoglobin myoglobin, cytochrome c catalases |
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where is heme made in the body
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bone marrow 85% and the liver
in the mitochondria and cytosol |
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ala synthase REG
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allosteric enzyme that is inhibited by heme= feedback inhibitor
require pyridoxal phosphate drus and steroid hormones can increase heme synthesis |
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porphobilinogen synthase REG
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is inhibited by lead Pb2+ in case of lead poisoning
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ferrochetalase
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inhibited by Pb2+
activity influenced by Fe2+ availability and ascorbic acid |
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Porphyrias
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hereditary or acquired abnormality in heme synth affects enzymes
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porphyrias sympots
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photosensitivity
excretion of heme intermediates in urine and feces--> dark red neurological symptoms |
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heme degradation
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bilirubin
which is bound to albumin |
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conjugated bilirubin
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2 molecules of glucuronic acid conjugate one bilirubin @liver to from bilirubin diglucuronide which is soluble in water this catalysed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
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hyperbilirubinemia
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above 10 mg/L at which point it diffuses into peripheral tissues and gives a yellow colour (jaundice icterus)
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jaundice types
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Hemolytic- increased erythrocyte degradation
Hepatocellular- impaired bilirubin conjugation at liver Obstructive- obstructed bile drainage (gallstones) urine only contains conjugated bilirubin |
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blood test conjugated bilirubin
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direct reaction with dye because its soluble
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blood test unconjugated bilirubin
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indirect because its insoluble therefore first needs methanol or caffeine
total normal: 20umol/L total |
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neonatal icterus
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elevated hemolysis
decreased activity of UDP glucuronosyl transferase- high unconjugated bilirubin when it crosses the blood brain barrier= kernicterus |
