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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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polytheism
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belief in many gods
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monotheism
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belief in one god
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henotheism
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worship of 1 god without denial of existence of other gods
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mount olympus
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where the gods reside
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ichor
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godly substance sustained from amphrosia
-they can bleed |
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polis
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city
(in greek) |
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Archaic period
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(mid 8--7 bce)
Homer 750 bce Hesiod 720 bce -first historian -new civilization emerged at Ionian citys - Miletus - Smyrna - Hallicarnassus (750- 480 bce) |
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Classical period
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(5 bce)
-high point of greek civilization CREATIVITY 2 great victories over persions -490 bce Darius at Marathon -480 bce Xerxes at Thermopoli - -10,000 army - -King Leonidas stops them in order for Athens to get organized - athens forms confederacy of Greek states - -Delian League -Pericles & Demothesus -myths stop occurring after this period (479- 323 bce) |
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Hellenistic
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(3-1 bce)
-follows Alexander's death -classical culture broken up -dissemination of Greek culture - -empire spreads from Eastern Med to Near East -Alexander III of Macedon defeats Darius III at Issus in 333 bce - -took control of the Ancient Near East as far as the Euphrates -Rome slowly takes over Greece (331-31 bce) |
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cosmos
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"the world"
how the worlds align |
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acropolis
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"top of the city"
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panathenaea
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"all Athenian festival"
-celebrated birth of Athena (July) -started by her "son" Erichthonius |
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the city Dionysia
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festival of plays and comedies
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collective unconscious
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neo-freudian theory by Karl Jung
all humans have basic intuition |
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Xenophanes
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(570-500 bce)
Begins to questions myths during Archaic period - |
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allegory
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view of myth
Anaxagoras of clazomenae (500-428 bce) - avoided taking myths literally especially bad qualities - myths were intended to expose evil results of wrongdoing and thereby teach virtue |
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Euhemerus
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Hellenistic
- proposes "gods" were originally famous humans - wrote sacred scriptures - probably inspired by Alexander dying and becoming a god in Egypt |
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etiology
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causes
-myths used to explain origin of things -primitive form of science |
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anima/ animus
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soul
-feminine wisdom, creativity -/ male attributes Jung- if not aligned, humans create fantasys eg, myths |
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archetype
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pattern from which all things are based
-Jung- the collectively inherited unconscious pattern of thought |
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cosmogony
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origin of the universe
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muse
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goddesses of art
-in Theogony- explain to Hesiod the history of the gods |
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eros
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personification of love
primordial driving force of love |
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cosmology
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nature and it's purpose
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Hades
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God of the underworld
-Z's brother - Married to Persephone |
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Theogony
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" birth of the Gods"
HESIOD -attempt to trace history of the universe to Hesiod's lifetime - parallels ANE myths - -chaos vs order, battles for supremecy Driving forces |
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Tartarus
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below hades
blank nothingness where the titans are kept "rock dropped for 9 days" deep |
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Enuma Elish
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Ancient Near East myth
-similar to Theogony - -chaos vs order - -battle for supremecy -Markdut (Zeus) -iamat (Hades) |
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Uranus
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The Sky God
-father of Titans also muse of astrology |
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Aphrodite
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Love
created when Kronus cut Uranus' genitals off and threw them into the sea -arrives on seashell out of the sea foam "pre olympian" according to Hesiod |
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Kronos
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Olympian's father
-also eats his children Youngest Titan -Gaea gives him a sickle to remove Uranus' genitals - -"seperates heaven and sky" |
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Olympians
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Kronos and Rheia
-girls born first - Zeus is last - -kills K by R gives K a rock and Z is hidden |
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Titanomachy
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war between Titans and Olympians for supremacy
-10 years -Titans banished to Tartarus |
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Pandora
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created by Z as a result of Pro giving humans fire
"all endowed...giver of all" In Theogony -not given a name -made from CLAY by Hephaestus -given gifts by H and Athena In Works and DAYS -molded from DUST by Hephaestus -given gifts by ALL the gods Given a Jar that contained 10,000 horrors -traps Hope before it gets away |
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Rheia
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Mother of the Olympians
-clever- hides her son so K wont eat him |
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Prometheus
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Titan
Tricked Zeus -gives Z poisoned meat -used to explain why bad parts of meat are given as sacrifices -punished by having his liver eaten then regenerated every day Heracles rescues him -gives humans fire - Z creates Pandora to punish mankind |
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Hundred- Handed
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Brothers of the Titans
-guard tartarus |
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Typhon
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Hera's child as a result of anger towards Z
-challenges Zeus and loses -oozes everywhere -explains weather |
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Epimetheus
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stupid brother of Prometheus
Titan given Pandora -Prometheus tells him to send her back |
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Myth
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from "mythos"
-utterance or someone says |
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Hesiod
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700 bce
Theogony Works & Days Shield of Heracles Inspiration from the Muses |
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Works & Days
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Hesiod
-1) labor is the universal lot of man -2) He who is willing to work will get by Pandora, 5 Ages of Man |
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Eris
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Chaos
-minor goddess |
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Golden Age
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1
-wealthy -don't age -don't die, just fall asleep -"dimonays"- become spirits |
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Silver Age
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2
-lack wits -hurt each other -Z frustrated they didn't serve the gods - -got rid of them |
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Bronze Age
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3
-War & Fighting -made out of ash trees -go to Hades when you die |
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Heroic Age
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4
-Henotheo- Demi Gods -TROJAN WAR -Better faith |
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Iron Age
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5
-Hesiod's age -marked by trouble -loss of virtue and values |
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Zeus
Jupiter |
Ruler of the Gods
Sky Thunder Justice Concerns -kinship -oath -law Attributes -thunderbolt -scepter -eagle |
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Hera
Juno |
Zeus' wife
Queen of God's and Heaven Concerns -marriage -family Attributes -crown -peacock fickle, mean, jealous |
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Poseidon
Neptune |
Sea
Concerns -sea -earthquakes Attributes -trident -dolphins capriscious, moody, not highly worshiped |
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Demeter
Ceres |
Fertility
Agriculture Seasons Nature Concerns -harvest -fertility Attribute -Grain Daughter- Persephone Eleusinian Mysteries Associated with Dionysus |
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Hades
Pluto |
Underworld
Concerns -underworld, death Attributes -cap of invisibility ( you never know when death's coming) -scepter Not considered olympian- always in hell Replaced with Dionysus |
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Hestia
Vesta |
Concern
-the Hearth Attributes -rarely depicted not considered olympian Virgins- vestile virgins of Rome |
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Athena
Minerva |
Wisdom
Crafts Strategic battle Concerns -crafts -warfare Attributes -helmet & spear -spinning & weaving Born out of Zeus' head when he swallows Maltheo |
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Apollo
Apollo (sometimes Phoebus) |
Light
Healing Music Poetry Prophecy Art Truth Concern -music -healing -SUN -prophecy -education of Phebes Attributes -lyre -bow & arrows Artemis' Twin Zeus & Leto |
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Artemis
Diana |
the Hunt
Maidens Moon Concern -hunting -wild animals -women -childbirth Attributes -bow & arrows Apollo's sister Zeus & Leto Virgin Rivals Aphrodite in beauty fickle |
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Hermes
Mercury |
Messenger of the Gods
Commerce Speed Thieves Trade Concerns -messenger -trade -guides souls to the underworld Attributes -winged shoes -cadoceus (wand) Psychopompos= spirit guide |
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Hephaestus
Vulcan |
Blacksmith of the Gods
Fire Forges Concerns -crafts -metalwork Attributes -anvil -axe -physical disability Married to Aphrodite Hera's son Crippled- she threw him off olympus or born that way Tried to rape Athena |
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Aphrodite
Venus |
Love
Beauty Desire Fertility Concern -Love -Sex Attributes -doves -eros Uranus' genitals + sea Promiscuous -Ares <3 |
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Ares
Mars |
War
Frenzy Hatred Bloodshed Concern -War Attributes -spear -shield not much dedicated to him Bad male qualities -untamed male aggression |
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Dionysius
Bacchus |
Wine
Intoxication Concern -Ecstasy -Intoxication -Wine Attributes -ivy -vines -Thyrsurs (wand) -panther Only god born Human Z' & Semelie and Z's thigh Brings an entourage of drunkards Married to a human |
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Pan
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Human torso, legs etc of a goat
disputed parentage, mother was a nymph watches over wild things |
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Hecate
hekate |
goddess of power and will
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Persephone
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Demeter's daughter
Married to Hades -half the year with him, half with her mother |
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Kore
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"girl" in greek
aka Persephone |
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Eleusinian Mysteries
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Established after Demeter looked after a child because she missed P
-fed him ambrosia- demi god -mother freaked out -D reveals herself and demands a temple |
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Thesmophoria
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ritual festival
-only females allowed -laws of the land -3 days - -share in grief of Demeter |
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Delphi
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"womb"
center of the earth -bridges gap between humans and gods -Mt Parnassus -7th bce - -previously for Gaea -pythian games |
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Oracle
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clairvoyant virgin
-sits on tripod and inhales sweet smell - -"remains of Pytho" -euphoric -give cryptic prophesies |
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Ephebe
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Youth being trained in the arts
-looked after by Apollo |
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Leto
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Mother of Apollo and Artemis
-Titan |
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Asclepius
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founder of medicine
-could bring back the dead -Z killed him with thunderbolt -son of Coronis & Apollo |
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Pythian games
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series of games held at Delphi
-every 4 years -(2 years b/w olympics) -music, hymns, chariots, running |
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Pythia
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priestesses at Delphi
-go into a trance in order to visit them: -cleanse in spring -sacrifice a sheep -get question approved |
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ecstasy
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"stand outside yourself"
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Paean
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song by followers of Apollo
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Dithyramb
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song by followers of Dionysus
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Satyrs & Silens
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Satyrs- pointy ears, tail, huge dicks
-always horny -always drunk - animal rowdyness Silens -oldish human-animal characterization |
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Styx
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river to hell
-guarded by Charon -pay a fee or wait on the bank |
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Dionysia
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6th century
-5 day festival in Athens -wine -huge statue of D paraded through streets -huge phallic statues as well -allowed rowdyness |
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Thanatos
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personification of Death
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Elysium
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after death comfort zone
-for those favored by the gods -"heaven" |
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Tartarus
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realm below hades
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Cereburus
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2 headed dog that guards hell
-tamed by Heracles |
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Orpheus
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goes to Hades to rescue beloved dead wife
-aided by Eros -promises Persephone not to look back at her mystery cult established because he survived Hades |
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Pythagoras
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(570-495 bce)
-mathematician -believed everything could be explained by math -believed in reincarnation - -immortality of the soul |
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Plato
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duality
-eternal soul -transmigration -mortal body "the Republic"- myth of Er "the Apology"- death of Socrates |
