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336 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What word means reason?
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Aition
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Explains how things came to be or why something happens
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Etiological
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What philosopher looked at Homer's works and was offended that the gods acted so deplorably? He led the rationalist's attack
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Xenophanes
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What word means human forms and intelligence? Homer's gods
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Anthropomorphic
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Who did Theagenes agree with?
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Xenophanes
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Which philosopher was offended by anthropomorphic gods? Wanted to adopt an allegoric approach.
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Theagenes
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What word means to look at the actual words used in myth? Extension of rationalism
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Etymological
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Which philosopher thought it was silly to talk about supernatural gods?
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Euhemerus
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Which philosopher thought that a god used to be a mortal man but was such a long time ago that he became supernatural b/c no one remembers exactly
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Euhemerus
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What interpretation of myth has ritualism and social charter theory?
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Anthropological
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myth explains ritual (religious practice or rite)
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ritualism
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myths give plans (charters) of social customs and beliefs
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social charter theory
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Myth explains existing facts and tradition
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social charter theory
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What are the 3 interpretations of myth
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Structural, Psychological, Anthropological
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Who says human behavior is based on patterns of the same structure in all ages and societies
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Levi Strauss
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Who says that myth is based on structure of the human mind (binary pairs) pairs of opposites that resolve
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levi strauss
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Who came up with the 32 motifemes?
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Propp
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unit of action
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motifeme
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Who says clusters of myths have same motifemes and the events happen in the same order?
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Propp
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WHo combines strucuralism with historical viewpoint?
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Burkert
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Who focuses on layers of myth and the social and biological effects on the retelling of the stories
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Burkert
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What period was from 6,000 bc to 3,000 bc?
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Neolithic
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What period showed the first evidence of religion?
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Neolithic
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What period focuses a lot on women and seemed to have a female fetish?
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Neolithic
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What period was from 3000-2000bc?
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Early Bronze Age
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What period was from 2000-1600bc?
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Middle Bronze age
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What period was from 1600-1100bc?
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Late Bronze age
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Found on the mainland Greece
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Heliadic
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Found on the island of Crete
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Minoan
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Found on an island of greece
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Cycladic
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Who excavated the minoan palace?
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Arthur Evans
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What is a word to describe the minoan civilization?
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Thalassocracy
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A state with primarily maritime realms
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Thalassocracy
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Who were Minos's father and mother?
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Zeus and Europa
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What did Zeus turn into to steal Europa?
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a bull
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Where did Zeus swim after kidnapping Europa?
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Crete
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Who was the first king of Crete?
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Minos
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Who did Minos marry?
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Pasiphae
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What did Pasiphae do?
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She asked Daedalus to build her a cow suit so she could seduce a bull
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Who did Pasiphae give birth to?
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Minotaur
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Who sets out to stop Minotaur from eating people?
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Theseus
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Who does Theseus fall in love with?
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Minos's daughter, Ariadne
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Who were the first greek speakers?
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Mycenaeans
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Who excavated the Mycenaean civilization?
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Schleman
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What did Schleman find when he excavated Mycenaean civilization?
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Tablets
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What do the tablets found with the mycenaean civilization tell us?
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Zeus is a sky god
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What place other than the Mycenaean civilization did Schleman discover?
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Troy
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What layer of the ground was Troy found in?
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7a
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When did myth end and why?
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The trojan war era because then people began to document things
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Greece entered a dark age until what century?
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8th century
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When did Homer write the Illiad?
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750bc
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When did Homer write the Odyssey?
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700bc
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Who does Homer credit for the creation of everything?
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Oceanus and his wife Tethys
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The yawning with a gaping void
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Chaos
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Who does Hesiod think started everything?
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Chaos
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Who comes from Chaos?
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Ge, Tartarus, Eros, Erebus, Nyx
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Ge
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Earth
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Tartarus
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underworld
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Eros
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love
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Erebus
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darkness
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nyx
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night
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Who comes from Ge?
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Uranus, Mountains, Pontus
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Uranus
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sky
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Pontus
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the waters/sea
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Who is married to Ge?
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Uranus
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holy marriage
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hieros gamos
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what do Ge and Uranus have?
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Hieros gamos
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Who does Erebus marry?
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Nyx
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Who do Erebus and Nyx give birth to?
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Aether and Hemere
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Aether
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upper atmosphere
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Hemere
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day
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Who do Ge and Uranus give birth to?
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Cyclopes, Hecatonchires, and Titans
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Hecatonchires
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100 hands
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How many Titans were there?
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12
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Who were the 12 Titans?
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Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys, Cronus
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Hyperion
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sun god
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Theia
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Name means goddess
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Rhea
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earth goddess
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Themis
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goddess of law or right
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Phoebe
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bright/light
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Tethys
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sea
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Cronus
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sky god
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Who do Oceanus and Tethys give birth to?
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the Oceanids
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How many Oceanids do Oceanus and Tethys give birth to?
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3000 male and 3000 female
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Who do Hyperion and Theia give birth to?
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Helios, Selene, and Eros
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Eos
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dawn
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Who do Helios and Clymene give birth to?
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Phaethon
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What did Helios let his son do?
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He let Phaethon drive his chariot across the sky
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Who does Selene fall in love with?
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Endymion
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What does Selene ask Zeus to give Endymion?
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Perpetual sleep and youth
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What does Eos mean in latin?
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Aurora
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Who does Eos have an affair with?
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Ares
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Ares
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war
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Who is jealous of Eos and Ares?
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Aphrodite
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Aphrodite
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love
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What curse does Aphrodite put on Eos?
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she can only fall in love with mortals
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What is the name of the Trojan prince Eos falls in love with?
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Tithonus
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What does Eos ask Zeus to give Tithonus?
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immortality
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Who marries Coeus?
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Phoebe
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Who do Coeus and Phoebe give birth to?
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Leta
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Who does Cronus marry?
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Rhea
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What do Cronus and Rhea have?
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Hieros gamos
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How many children do Cronus and Rhea have and who are they?
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6; Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus
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What does Cronus do when his children are born?
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swallows them
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Where does Rhea hide Zeus when he is born?
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Crete
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Who takes care of Zeus on Crete?
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Curetes
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What do the curetes do when Zeus cries?
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beat their spears on their shields so Cronus won't hear him
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What is Zeus fed on Crete?
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milk and honey
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where does Zeus's milk come from?
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a goat named Amalthea
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Where does Zeus's honey come from?
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Melissias
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Where does Cronus take up to fight Zeus?
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Othrys
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Who fights with Zeus agains Cronus?
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his brothers and sisters, Themis, Prometheus, the hecatoncuries, and cyclopes
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dragon with 100 heads
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Typhoes
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leader of gods and men
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Typhoes
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When Typhoes battles Zeus what happens?
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Zeus hurls him down to Tartarus
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Who pile up mountains to get to Zeus?
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Otus and Ephialtes
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Who does Ge give birth to to fight against the Olympians?
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Gegeneis
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Gegeneis
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giants
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What are the episodes that come from the Titanomachy?
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Giantomachy, Typhoes, and Otus and Ephialtes
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Where are the Titans imprisoned?
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Tartarus
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Who escapes from Tartarus?
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Cronus
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age where men did not grow old, just died in their sleep, peaceful, descended to the underworld and their spirits lived on to protect mortals; providers of wealth
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Golden Age
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Age where men had a 100 year long childhood, short adulthood, arrogant, refused to worship gods and sacrafice; zeus hid them to dwell beneath the earth
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Silver age
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Age where men are warlike, no one ate bread; built everything out of Bronze; killed each other; went to Hades
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Bronze age
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Age of men that Zeus formed himself; warlike but more just; all of the heroes and demigods that we find in saga; not immortal; a few went to Isles of Blessed but most went to Hades
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Age of Heroes
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Age where Men toil by day and what they make is destroyed by night; Zeus will kill everyone when babies are born with grey on their temples; turn all duties the opposite (guests are killed by hosts, children don’t honor parents)
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Iron Age
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How does Prometheus produce man?
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takes seeds of Zeus and mixes them with mud and rainwater to produce man
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Why does Zeus withhold fire from man?
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Prometheus tricks him (ox sacrifice story)
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Who are Zeus and Poseidon both in love with?
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Thetis
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What is something special about Prometheus?
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He can see into the future
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What is foretold about Thetis's son?
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He is to be greater than his father
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Epimethius
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after thought
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Promethius
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before thought
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Who does Zeus send Pandora to?
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Epimethius
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Eopis
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Hope
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What is the only thing that isn't let out of Pandora's jar?
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Hope
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Who marries Eos?
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Crius
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What comes from Uranus's blood when he is castrated
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the Erinyes, Gigantes, Melian Nymphs
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Erinyes
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the furies, gory female figures that chase people who have murdered
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gigantes
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giants
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Melian Nymphs
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Spears for heroes
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Who comes from the foam fo Uranus's member?
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Aphrodite
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a god coming to judge men
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Theodicy
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When he wants to test men's goodness, who does Zeus present himself as a stranger to?
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Lycaon
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strangers should be accepted without any question and offer him boundless hospitality; also give a gift
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Xenia
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Who meet on the battle field and can't fight?
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Glaucus and Diamedes
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What does Zeus do to punish Lycaon?
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he becomes ravenously hungry and begins to act like a wolf
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Who is the first greek example of a lycanthrope?
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Lycaon
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lycanthrope
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warewolf
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When Zeus decides to punish the whole world for lycaon's actions, what does he do?
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sends a flood that drowns all of man kind except for deucalion and Pyrrha
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When Deucalion and Pyrrha want to repopulate the world, what does the oracle tell them?
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Throw the bones of their mother behind their backs; they pick up rocks and throw them
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What is the name of Deucalion and Pyrrha's son?
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Hellen
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giving their name to something
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eponymous
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Who is the eponymous ancestor of the greeks (Hellenes)
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hellen
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Who are hellen's children?
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Dorus, Aeolus, Xuthus
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Who is Dorus the eponymous ancestor of?
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the Dorians
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Aeolian greeks
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inhabit the islands
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What is Aeolus the eponymous ancestor of ?
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Aeolian greeks
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Who is Xuthus's son?
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Ion
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Who is Ion's brother?
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Achaeus
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Who is Achaeus the eponymous ancestor of?
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Achaean greeks
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How did we get animals back after the flood?
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they were recreated from earth
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Where was open territory for the gods?
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earth and olympus
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When they cast lots, who got what?
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Poseidon got the sea, Hades got the underworld, and Zeus got the sky
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Who of Zeus's brothers and sisters aren't Olympians?
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Hestia and Hades
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Who is Zeus's eldest sister?
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Hestia
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goddess of chastity
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Hestia
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Who 'wooed' Hestia?
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Apollo and Poseidon
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What is Hestia envisioned as?
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a sacred fire
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Archetype of father, husband, and lover
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Zeus
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Associated with justice and virtue
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Zeus
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Zeus of the suppliants
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Hikesios
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Zeus of strangers/guest friendship
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Zeus Xenios
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Zeus of oaths
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Zeus Horkios
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Zeus of justice
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Zeus Dikaios
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upholds moral standards
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Zeus
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Who calls Zeus the cloud gatherer
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Homer
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What allows him to be picked out in art
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thunderbolt (two upsilons butt to butt on a straight line), Aegis
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goat skin cloak
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aegis (said to be of the goat that gave her milk to Zeus)
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What happens when Zeus shakes the Aegis on the battlefield?
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it strikes fear and dread into its enemies
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What is Zeus's totem animal?
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Eagle
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What is Zeus's tree?
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Oak
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Where is Zeus's oracle?
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Dodona
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How does Zeus speak through his oracle?
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through the rustling of oak leaves
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What is the name of Zeus and Demeter's child?
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Persephone
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Who can make Zeus fall in love?
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Aphrodite
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Who kidnaps persephone?
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Hades
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Why does Demeter go on strike against the gods?
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no one will get Persephone back from Hades
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When Demeter goes on strike against the god, what happens?
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it causes great famine among men which stops the sacrifices to the gods
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Who does Zeus marry?
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Hera
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What do Zeus and Hera have?
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Hieros gamos
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goddess of marriage, women, and childbirth
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Hera
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What was another name for Hera that had to do with eyes?
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Ox-eyed Hera
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What is another name for Hera that has to do with arms?
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White armed Hera
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What is another name for Hera that has to do with ankles?
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Hera of the slim ankles
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How is Hera depicted?
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mature woman, conservatively clothed, crown, scepter
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What is Hera's animal?
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Peacock
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Patroness to heroes
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Hera
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When do people call on Eileithyia?
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as the child emerges from the birth canal
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goddess of childbirth
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Eileithya
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Goddess of the bloom of youth
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Hebe
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Female counterpart to Ganmede
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Hebe
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Who are the two cup bearers
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Ganymede, Hebe
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Who do Zeus and Hera give birth to?
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Eileithyia, Hebe, Ares, Hephaestus
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How do the Trojans become known as horse people?
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Zeus abducted Ganymede and granted him immortality. Tros, his father, thinks he's dead so Zeus tells him he took him and sends him divine horses
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god of war
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Ares
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most hated of all the gods
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Ares
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What area is Ares associated with?
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Thrace
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WHo is Ares's cult partner?
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Aphrodite
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Who is Ares's lover, but they are never married?
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Aphrodite
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Homosexual love
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Eros
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What is the name of Ares and Aphrodite's children?
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Eros, Harmonia, Deimos, Phobos
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rout
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Deimos
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Fear
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Phobos
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What is Ares's animal
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boar
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god of fire
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Hephaestus
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Who did Hera throw out of Olympus or he fell out because he was drunk?
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Hephaestus
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Who was the intermediary between Zeus and Hera?
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Hephaestus
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Who is married to Aphrodite?
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Hephaestus
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What happened when Aphrodite slept with Ares?
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Hephaestus trapped her
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Why couldn't Hephaestus punish Aphrodite?
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Poseidon said Ares would pay compensation instead
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Intelligence
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Metis
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What did the oracle say about Zeus's offspring with Metis?
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it will overthrow him
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What did Zeus do to the pregnant Metis?
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Swallows her
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How was Athena born?
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Zeus had a headache and Hephaestus chopped it open with an ax; Athena pops out fully clothed and dressed for battle
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How did Zeus become the god of intelligence?
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By swallowing Metis
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What do Zeus and Mnemosyne produce?
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the Muses (9 in all)
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the seasons
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Horai
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the fates
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Moirai
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Who are the fates?
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Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos
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Who do Zeus and Themis produce?
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Horai, and Moirai
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spins the thread of mortal lives
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Clotho
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measures out this thread and attaches events to it
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Lachesis
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cuts the thread of life
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Atropos
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where do the fates live?
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the underworld
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Who must obey the fates?
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everyone, even Zeus
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the graces
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Charites
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who attends Aphrodite?
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the Charites
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Who do Zeus and Eurynome produce?
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Charites
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patronesses of dancing, poetry and song
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the muses
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Who are the muses?
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Clio, Calliope, Euterpe, Erato, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, Urania
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history
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Clio
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Epic poetry
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Calliope
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Lyric Poetry
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Euterpe
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Tragedy
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Melpomene
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Hymns to the gods
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Polyhmnia
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Dancing
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Terpsichore
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comedy
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Thalia
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astronomy
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Urania
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Who did Zeus and Leto give birth to?
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Apollo and Artemis
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What do the gods drink?
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Nectar
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element of the gods blood that makes it poisonous to mortals?
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Ichor
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What is the hierarchy of gods?
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Olympian gods, Monsters, nymphs, demigods, heroes, men
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old man of the sea
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Nereus
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Sea Deities
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Pontus, Oceanus, Nereus, Poseidon, Triton
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Sea Deities
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Pontus, Oceanus, Nereus, Poseidon, Triton
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Who is the father of the Nereids?
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Nereus
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Who is the offspring of Peleus and Thetis?
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Achiles
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Where did Galatea live?
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The western Mediterranean
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Who does polyphemus fall in love with?
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Galatea
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Who is Galatea in love with?
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Acis
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What does Plolyphemus do to Achis?
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throws the side of a mtn. at him
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river god
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achis
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Who marries Poseidon?
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Amphitrite
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What is the name of Amphitrite and Poseidon's child?
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Triton
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What is Triton?
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Merman
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What is Triton depicted with?
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conk shell
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What can most sea deities do?
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shape shift and see into the future
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Who challenges Triton to a musical contest?
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Misenus
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What did Triton do when he beat Misenus?
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drowned him
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Who is Proteus?
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son of Poseidon
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What is Poseidon's symbol?
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trident
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What is Poseidon's cult title?
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earth shaker
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male fertility god
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Poseidon
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overseer of fertility for the earth, animals, and plants?
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Poseidon
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Who is credited with inventing the horse?
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Poseidon
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When Poseidon and Demeter mate in horse form, who do they produce?
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Arion
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Who are some of Poseidon's children?
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Polythemis, Orion, Pegasus, and Chrysaor
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What is special about Scylla?
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had an affair with Poseidon and someone put stuff in her bathwater and her lower body are transformed into dog heads; they grab ships as they pass by
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Who poisons Scylla's bath water?
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Circe
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Where does Scylla live and with whom?
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In messina with Chrybdis
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What does Chrybdis do?
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Sucks down water which causes ships to wreck
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Who is the offspring of Pontus and ge?
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Thaumas
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the rainbows
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Iris
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strong wind
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Harpies
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Who does Thaumas marry?
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Ocheaumus
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Who are the offspring of Thaumas and Ocheaumus?
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Iris, Harpies
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Who wants to get rid of the Harpies and why?
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Phineus b/c they steal his food
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Who does Podarge mate with?
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Xephyros
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What is special about Podarge and Xephyros's offspring?
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They are the immortal forces that draw Achilles chariot. They are immortal horses that have the ability to speak.
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Who tells Achilles he is going to die?
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Xanthus (one of the immortal horses)
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the aged ones
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Graiai
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What is the function of the Graiai in myth?
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to guard their sisters, the gorgons
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Who were the 3 gorgons?
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Sthenno, Euryale, Medusa
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Who is the only gorgon that can be killed?
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Medusa
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Who kills Medusa?
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Perseus
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winged horse
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Pegasus
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half female, half snake, daughter of Chrysaor and Pegasus
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Echidna
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two headed dog, son of Typhon and Echidna
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Orthus
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dog with 3 heads that guards the underworld
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Cerberus
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dragon like creature with 9 heads (one is immortal) and poisonous blood
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Lernaean Hydra
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What happens when one of Hydra's heads is cut off?
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2 grow back in its place
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head of a lion, body of a goat, serpant's tail
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Chimaera
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female face with lion's body and wings; asks riddles and eats people when they can't answer
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Theban Sphinx
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lion with extremely tough hide, invulnerable
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Nemean lion
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What is Athena's most famous temple?
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Parthenon
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What does Parthenos mean?
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virgin
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When Athena and Poseidon compete over the control of Athens, what do they give as gifts?
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Athena=olive tree, Poseidon=salt spring or horse
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What does the ionic freeze of the parthenon depict?
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the Panathenaea
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festival where the residents of Attica would deliver a peplos (greek garment) to the old wooden statue of Athena
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Panathenaea
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What is the cult statue of Athena in the Parthenon?
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Chryselephantine
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What is the most common title of Athena?
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Pallas Athena
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born of Triton
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Tritongeneia
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Athena's playmate (daughter of Triton) that she accidentally killed
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Pallas
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Athena's playmate (daughter of Triton) that she accidentally killed
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Pallas
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Wooden sculpture of Pallas
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Palladium
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Where did Zeus throw the Palladium?
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Troy; it could not be taken while it was there
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Athena's cult title meaning the worker
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Ergane
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excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods
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hubris
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goddess of wisdom
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Athena
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Athena who fights in the front
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Athena Promachos
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Athena the strong
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Athena Sthenaia
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Athena of the city
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Athena Polias
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Athena of good council
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Athena Boulaia
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Who is credited with inventing the control of horses (the bridle)
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Athena (Bellerophon wants to ride Pegasus)
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Who is credited with inventing the chariot?
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Athena
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What instrument does Athena invent and then suck at playing?
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Double flute
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Who picks up Athena's double flute and plays it well?
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Marsyas
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What instrument does Apollo play?
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lyre
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When Marsyas and Apollo get in a musical contest, what does Apollo do when Marsyas loses?
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Filets him alive
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Athena goddess of victory
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Athena Nike
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What are Athena's animals?
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snake, owl
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Hephaestus tried to rape Athena but couldn't. When he spilled his seed, who did he give birth to?
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Erichthonius
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the bright one of the Trojan war
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Odyssius
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Goes mad and cracks open the skull of the man who wounded him and eats his brain
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Tydeus
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Athena's favorite heroes
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Odyssius, Persius, Heracles, Orestese, Tydeus, Diametes
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