Mysticism Exam 1

Front 1

Animism

Back 1

Belief that people have souls or sprits in addition to physical bodies.

- Sir Edward Tylor

Front 2

Animatism

Back 2

People, plants, animal, objects have impersonal, supernatural powers.

- Robert Marett

Front 3

Who said religion is a symbolic expression of the relationships between parents and children?

Back 3

Sigmund Freud

- We project human qualities onto the gods and nature.

- The conscious mind censors impulses and desires, but makes them as well.

Front 4

Who said humans as a group share a collective unconscious?

Back 4

Carl Jung

- The main characters are called archetypes.

Front 5

Who dealt with anxiety and uncertainty?

Back 5

Bronislaw Malinowski

- Myth is a socializing agent, model for behavior.
- Functional approach

Front 6

Who believed religion was a symbolic representation of cultural values and ideas?

Back 6

Clifford Geertz

- Religion is a model of and a model for society.
- Interpretative approach

Front 7

Who believed religion was used to control and maintain power?

Back 7

Karl Marx

- Marxist approach- a way of getting people to go along with capitalist cultures.

Front 8

Although there are thousands of different heroes, they all follow the same basic hero story.

Back 8

Monomyth

- Joseph Campbell

- Stage one: separation, Stage two: training, Stage three: hero returns and accomplishes task.

Front 9

Human beliefs and behaviors of a society that are learned, transmitted from one generation to the next, and shared by a group of people.

Back 9

Culture

Front 10

The study of human societies as systematic sums of their parts, as integrated wholes.

Back 10

Holism

Front 11

Using one’s own culture as the basis for interpreting and judging other cultures.

Back 11

Ethnocentrism

Front 12

Attempting to analyze and understanding cultures others than one’s own without judging them in terms of one’s own culture.

Back 12

Cultural Relativism

Front 13

A set of beliefs in supernatural forces that provides meaning, peace of mind, and sense of control over otherwise unexplainable phenomena.

Back 13

Religion

Front 14

A research method whereby the anthropologist lives in a community and participates in the lives of the people under study while at the same time making objective observations.

Back 14

Participant Observation

Front 15

The descriptive study of human societies.

Back 15

Ethnography

Front 16

The study of society using concepts that were developed outside of the culture.

Back 16

Etic Analysis

Front 17

The study of society through the eyes of the people being studied.

Back 17

Emic Analysis

Front 18

Characteristics that are found in all human societies.

Back 18

Human Universals

Front 19

Entfities and actions that transcend the natural world of cause and effect.

Back 19

Supernatural

Front 20

An approach that is based on the function or role that religion plays in a society.

Back 20

Functionalism

Front 21

An approach that focuses on the questions of when and how religion began and how it developed through time.

Back 21

Evolutionism

Front 22

Idea that a religion is a construction of those in power, designed to divert people’s attentions from the miseries of their lives; a way of getting people to go along with capitalist culture.

Back 22

Marxism

Front 23

An approach to the study of religion that is concerned with the relationship between culture and psychology and between society and individual.

Back 23

Psychological Approach

Front 24

Idea that culture systems are understood by studying meaning; religion is cluster of symbols that provides a charter for a culture’s ideas, values, and way of life.

Back 24

Interpretive Approach

Front 25

Stories that transmit culturally meaningful messages about the universe, the natural and supernatural worlds.

Back 25

Myths

- Considered true and sacred.
- Outside historical time.
- Principal characters divine or semi-divine.
- Foundation of larger ideological system.

Front 26

How are myths related to worldview and religion?

Back 26

Our worldview is shaped by our society’s myths.

Front 27

Explain origins of the gods and the creations of humans and their natural environment.

Back 27

Origin Myths

Front 28

Feature and anthropomorphized animal and conveys a moral lesson in an often humorous way.

Back 28

Trickster Myth

Front 29

A traditional narrative (e.g., a fable, proverb, or urban legend) with a moral message warning of the consequences of certain actions, inactions, or character flaws.

Back 29

Cautionary Tale

Front 30

Often due to gods’ dissatisfaction.

Back 30

Flood Myth

Front 31

Typically the hero goes through three stages: separation, training, and return.

Back 31

Hero Myth

Front 32

A theme common to many myths that tells of the adventures of a cultural hero.

Back 32

Monomyth

Front 33

A story that establishes the proper organization and rules of behavior of a society.

Back 33

Social Charter

Front 34

The non-corporeal, spiritual component of an individual.

Back 34

Soul

Front 35

Based on the belief that the deceased, often family members have a continued existence and/or possesses the ability to influence the fortune of the living.

Back 35

Ancestor Veneration

Front 36

The ritual placing of a corpse in a grave.

Back 36

Burial

Front 37

A corpse that has been raised from a grave and animated.

Back 37

Zombies

Front 38

A person who has died before his or her time and who brings about the death of friends and relatives until his or her corpse is “killed”.

Back 38

Vampires

Front 39

A way to destroy the corpse so that the soul is cut off from its former body. More economical than burials.

Back 39

Cremation

Front 40

Takes place after the first burial. Often marks the end of the mourning period and commonly involves digging up, processing, and reburying the body in some way.

Back 40

Secondary Burial

Front 41

The Egyptians believed that the body had to be preserved. The process was time consuming, complex, and only practiced in the important and wealthy.

Back 41

Mummification

Front 42

To expose the body to elements or be consumed by animals.

Back 42

Exposure

Front 43

An image or representation, usually depicting people or animals, often made of ceramic or stone.

Back 43

Effigy

Front 44

In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, spirit beings who act as mediators between God and the human beings.

Back 44

Angels

Front 45

A spirit being, usually evil.

Back 45

Demons

Front 46

A soul of an individual after death that remains in the vicinity of the community.

Back 46

Ghosts

Front 47

A supernatural being that is less powerful than a god. Live among humans and may inhabit special places. Do not have human origins.

Back 47

Spirits

Front 48

An individual supernatural being, with a distinctive name, personality, and control and influence of a major aspect of nature (such as rain or fertility), that encompasses the life of an entire community or a major segment of the community.

Back 48

God

Front 49

The spirits of dead family members who are believed to continue to reside near and interact with their living kin.

Back 49

Ancestor Spirits

Front 50

Made from fire without smoke.

Back 50

Jinn

Front 51

Some scholars argue that earlier societies may have worshipped these who were associated with fertility, agriculture, and a lunar calendar.

Back 51

Goddesses

Front 52

A god that is responsible for the creation of everything.

Back 52

Creator God

Front 53

Rules narrowly defined domain.

Back 53

Attribute God

Front 54

Uninterested in human activities.

Back 54

Otiose God

Front 55

Gave humans important skills through accident.

Back 55

Trickster God

Front 56

Male demons that have sex with human women while they sleep, resulting in the birth of demons, witches, and deformed children.

Back 56

Incubi

Front 57

Female demons that have sex with human men while they sleep, resulting in damnation of the men’s soul.

Back 57

Succabae

Front 58

Practice of evicting demons.

Back 58

Exorcism

Front 59

The belief in only one god.

Back 59

Monotheism

Front 60

A belief in many gods.

Back 60

Polytheism

Front 61

The idea that the nature of the supernatural is unknowable, that it is as impossible to prove the nonexistence of the supernatural as it is to prove its existence.

Back 61

Agnosticism

Front 62

Disbelief of denial of the existence of God or gods.

Back 62

Atheism

Front 63

When the individual enters into an altered state of consciousness, makes contact with the word of spirit beings, and receives a gift of supernatural power.

Back 63

Vision Quest

Front 64

(Ancient Near East) Seen as both invincible in battle and a source of fertility. The rites took place between the king and an avatar of Ishtar.

Back 64

Ishtar

Front 65

(Ancient Egypt) Called the “Great Mother” and the “Queen of Heaven”. Around 300 B.C.E. the religion of Isis had developed into a mystery religion that involved secret and sacred rites.

Back 65

Isis

Front 66

(Hinduism) Means the “Black One”. In Hinduism the divine is seen as encompassing both creation and destruction.

Back 66

Kali

Front 67

(Roman Catholic) Virgin mother who gave birth to the Son of God.

Back 67

Mary

Front 68

Hindu doctrine that Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva (Creator, Preserver, and Destroyer, respectively) are three forms of the unmanifested Ultimate Reality.

Back 68

Trimurti