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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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muscles are essential for what body functions
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breathing, balance & movement, pumping blood,& digesting food & vision
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what
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what are the 3 types of muscles
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cardiac, skeletal,& visceral(smooth) e
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what is skeletal muscles
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have striations, voluntary, move partof the skeleton, attaches to the bone
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what is visceral(smooth)
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no striations, involuntary, found in the walls of blood vessels, intestines & internal organs
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what is cardiac
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involuntary, some striations, found only in walls of the heart
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skeletal muscles make up how much of ones body weight
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40%
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subsections of a muscle?
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muscle-> bundles of fibre-> fibre->myofibrils-> myofiliments
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named for
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size, shape, action & point if attachment
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#of muscles
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over 600
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tendon
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muscles attach to the bone via a fiburous babd of connective tissue
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origin
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attached at one end by a gixed point
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insertion
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other end to a movable part/joint
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are orgin & insertion on the same bone?
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no, never
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antagonistic relationship
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our ability to move smoothly at varying speeds is direct result of antagonistic relationship between (groups) oppsing muscles
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antagonistic relationship
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primemover
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when a muscle or group is contracted
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antagonist
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group on the opposite side of the bone, needed in order to resist the full extent if the contraction
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ex of primemover & antagonist
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when quads(primemover) are contracted the hamstrings(antogonist) act to prevent or oppose the quad from makeing our foot hit our face
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atrophy
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when a muscle is deprived of excersize the muscle decreases in size to the minimum required level
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hypertrophy
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if a muscle is worked hard the muscle will increase in size to meet the demand
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why facial muscles are the kost unique muscles?
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differ from skeletal muscles because of their insertion & attachment & are superficially located
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facial muscles originate
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on a bone but insert into the fascia(skin)
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myriad of expression
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our ability to contract and relax various combinations of these muscles w/finite accuracy allow us the myraid of expression that portray attitude, mood, &!assist in comsumption if food
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sphincters (eyes+mouth)
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where most muscles insert to allow for these very specific movements of expression
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muscles of the nexk provide
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stability & mobility
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whiplash
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common auto or sports injury cause by a servere blow from behind that a person is unprepared for and thus cant adjust their postion to counteract the direction of the force
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why dies whiplash occur
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no large muscles that exist anterioryly to the vertebrae in the nexk
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main reason for whiplash
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vision or a lack of as we are unprepared for impact
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irribility
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ability of muscle to react to stimuli(signt hearing touch smell)
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contractility
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when stimulated by nerve impulses, muscles become shorter & thicker
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extensibility
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antoganistic relationship that exisits between opssoting muscles that when a muscle contracts the other must lengthen
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elasticity
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after a muscle contracts, the ability for it to go back to its original lenth & width
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function of the muscles of the upper body
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support and protect the internal organs
& contract to flex and extend the trunk |
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major muscles in region
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pectoralis major
deltoid rectus abdominus external oblique biceps brachii triceps latissimus dorsi trapezius |
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
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phase 1
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latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
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phase 1
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latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
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phase 1
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latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
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phase 3
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relaxation phase lasts for 0.05 sec, before the next contraction of the same muscle can take place a recovery period takes place in which oxygen & calcium are reurned to storage in the muscle
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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ATP
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very little ATP stored in muscle tissu, atp is the feul source in the body, adenosine triphosphate
muscle actuvity of any duration will delplete supply quick |
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
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muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
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phase 1
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latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
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phase 3
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relaxation phase lasts for 0.05 sec, before the next contraction of the same muscle can take place a recovery period takes place in which oxygen & calcium are reurned to storage in the muscle
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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ATP
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very little ATP stored in muscle tissu, atp is the feul source in the body, adenosine triphosphate
muscle actuvity of any duration will delplete supply quick |
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ATP-CP
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phosphate from CP(creatine phosphate) is used to resynthezie ATP in order to continue shirt duration activities (up to 10sec)
cp exisits within myscle in limited amounts |
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
|
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kymograph
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apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
|
|
|
muscle contraction
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broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
|
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phase 1
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latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
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phase 3
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relaxation phase lasts for 0.05 sec, before the next contraction of the same muscle can take place a recovery period takes place in which oxygen & calcium are reurned to storage in the muscle
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temperate
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major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
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ATP
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very little ATP stored in muscle tissu, atp is the feul source in the body, adenosine triphosphate
muscle actuvity of any duration will delplete supply quick |
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ATP-CP
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phosphate from CP(creatine phosphate) is used to resynthezie ATP in order to continue shirt duration activities (up to 10sec)
cp exisits within myscle in limited amounts |
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ATP-lactic acid
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cabrs & glucogen are broken down in order to resynthezise ATP for muscle contraction to continue
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
|
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
|
|
|
|
sub threshold stimulus
|
anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
|
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
|
balance, locomotion & power
|
|
|
|
kymograph
|
apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
|
|
|
muscle contraction
|
broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
|
|
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|
phase 1
|
latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
|
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
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phase 3
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relaxation phase lasts for 0.05 sec, before the next contraction of the same muscle can take place a recovery period takes place in which oxygen & calcium are reurned to storage in the muscle
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temperate
|
major influene on the ability of a muscle to contract, speed of contraction increases as the temperature increases
|
|
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ATP
|
very little ATP stored in muscle tissu, atp is the feul source in the body, adenosine triphosphate
muscle actuvity of any duration will delplete supply quick |
|
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|
ATP-CP
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phosphate from CP(creatine phosphate) is used to resynthezie ATP in order to continue shirt duration activities (up to 10sec)
cp exisits within myscle in limited amounts |
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ATP-lactic acid
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cabrs & glucogen are broken down in order to resynthezise ATP for muscle contraction to continue
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ATP-o2
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aerobic
energey demands are low and endurance need is high 02 is used ti in the resynthesis of atp in the presence if glucose (aerobic respiration) |
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all or none law
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a muscle doesnt partially contract, a simgle stimulus causes a contraction of the entire muscle fiber
|
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threshold stimulus
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weakest stimulus that will actually excite a muscle fibrr
|
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sub threshold stimulus
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anthing less than a threshold stimulus
several threshold stimuli may be added together to reach a threshold, additive effect leads to contraction called summation |
|
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function of the muscles of the lower extermity
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balance, locomotion & power
|
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|
|
kymograph
|
apparatus used to measure muscle activity
#of diff stimuli can be used to cause a muscle to contract, can be physical or mechanical |
|
|
|
muscle contraction
|
broken down into phases from the time of stimulus to contraction
|
|
|
|
phase 1
|
latent period from the stimulus to the intial contraction which lasts approx 0.01 sec
|
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phase 2
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contraction phase lasts for minimum of 0.04 sec
|
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phase 3
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relaxation phase lasts for 0.05 sec, before the next contraction of the same muscle can take place a recovery period takes place in which oxygen & calcium are reurned to storage in the muscle
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who discovered how muscles contract
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H.E. huxley
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who discovered how muscles contract
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H.E. huxley
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main substances in muscle contraction
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ACH(acetylcholine)
ATP(adenosine triphosphate) ADP(adenosine diphosphate) Ca(calcium) |
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myasthenia gravis
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involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
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myasthenia gravis
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involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
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muscular dystrophy
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progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles
mire frequent in makes no treatment |
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myasthenia gravis
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involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
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muscular dystrophy
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progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles
mire frequent in makes no treatment |
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multiple sclerosis
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disbaling disease of the central nervous system
distrubs + interrupts nerve impulses not fatal candians have highest rates women twice as likely to get no known cause |
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myasthenia gravis
|
involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
|
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muscular dystrophy
|
progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles
mire frequent in makes no treatment |
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multiple sclerosis
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disbaling disease of the central nervous system
distrubs + interrupts nerve impulses not fatal candians have highest rates women twice as likely to get no known cause |
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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aka lou gehrigs disease
slow wasting if the lateral muscles nerve connection to muscle becomes unresponsive fatal |
|
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myasthenia gravis
|
involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
|
|
|
muscular dystrophy
|
progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles
mire frequent in makes no treatment |
|
|
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multiple sclerosis
|
disbaling disease of the central nervous system
distrubs + interrupts nerve impulses not fatal candians have highest rates women twice as likely to get no known cause |
|
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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aka lou gehrigs disease
slow wasting if the lateral muscles nerve connection to muscle becomes unresponsive fatal |
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spasms
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involuntary contraction of a muscle or group
usually reveals a pinched spinal nerve |
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myasthenia gravis
|
involves a weakness and quick fatigue of voluntary muscles,
eye muscles most frequently affected muscles become unresponsive to ACH |
|
|
|
muscular dystrophy
|
progressive wasting of the skeletal muscles
mire frequent in makes no treatment |
|
|
|
multiple sclerosis
|
disbaling disease of the central nervous system
distrubs + interrupts nerve impulses not fatal candians have highest rates women twice as likely to get no known cause |
|
|
|
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
|
aka lou gehrigs disease
slow wasting if the lateral muscles nerve connection to muscle becomes unresponsive fatal |
|
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spasms
|
involuntary contraction of a muscle or group
usually reveals a pinched spinal nerve |
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cramps
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continuous contraction if skeletal or visceral muscle
streathing usally reveals pain |
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isometric contraction
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max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
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isotonic contraction
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max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
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isometric contraction
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max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
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isotonic contraction
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max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
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isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
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isometric contraction
|
max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
|
|
|
|
isotonic contraction
|
max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
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isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
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endurance
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ability to presist
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isometric contraction
|
max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
|
|
|
|
isotonic contraction
|
max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
|
|
|
isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
|
|
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endurance
|
ability to presist
|
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reaction time
|
time from the presentation of the stimulus to the beginning of the movement
|
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|
isometric contraction
|
max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
|
|
|
|
isotonic contraction
|
max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
|
|
|
isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
|
|
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endurance
|
ability to presist
|
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reaction time
|
time from the presentation of the stimulus to the beginning of the movement
|
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movement time
|
elasped time from the beginning to the end of a movement
|
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|
isometric contraction
|
max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
|
|
|
|
isotonic contraction
|
max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
|
|
|
isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
|
|
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endurance
|
ability to presist
|
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|
|
reaction time
|
time from the presentation of the stimulus to the beginning of the movement
|
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movement time
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elasped time from the beginning to the end of a movement
|
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power
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force time distance over time
one who is able to do more work in the same amount of time has more power |
|
|
|
isometric contraction
|
max strength is exerted against an immovable object(contraction w/out movement)
|
|
|
|
isotonic contraction
|
max weight that can ve lifted at one time ( contraction with movement)
|
|
|
|
isokinetic contraction
|
maximal force output throughout the entire range of motion
|
|
|
|
endurance
|
ability to presist
|
|
|
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reaction time
|
time from the presentation of the stimulus to the beginning of the movement
|
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movement time
|
elasped time from the beginning to the end of a movement
|
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power
|
force time distance over time
one who is able to do more work in the same amount of time has more power |
|
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specificity
|
specific to the desired needs
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