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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the 3 main classifications of Muscle Tissue
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1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle 3. Cardiac Muscle |
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Identify the Muscle Tissue:
Classification A. Voluntary B. Striated C. Attached to Skeleton D. Contracts quickly in response to stimulation of nerve impulses E. Act in opposing groups- some relaxing while others are contracting. |
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle
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Identify the Muscle Tissue:
A. Involuntary - Fu organs all have this. B. Found in Viscera - stomach, intestines, blood vessels C. Non-Striated. Cells are spindle shaped D. Contracts slowly on impulse. |
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle Tissue
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Identify the Muscle Tissue:
A. Involuntary B. Heart Muscle C. Partially Striated D. Contracts at moderate speed |
Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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Four Major Functions of the Muscles:
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1. Assist in movement
2. Produce heat & energy 3. Maintain balance & posture 4. Protect internal organs |
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Muscles are contained in ______ which is continuous w/ the fibrous structures that attach muscles to the bones or other structures.
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Epimysium - a.k.a. Fascia
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Muscles must be firmly attached to structures upon which they pull during contraction.
(T/F) |
True
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Muscles may attach directly to the ______ of bones or may be attached by _______ or an ______.
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1. periosteum
2. tendons 3. aponeurosis |
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When the epimysium extends in the form of a strong, tough cord of connective tissue which is continuous w/ w/ the periosteum of the bone, it is called a ___________.
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tendon
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When the epimysium extends as a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue & attaches to the adjacent structures, it is known as an _________.
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aponeurosis
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3 main parts of a muscle:
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1. Origin
2. Body or Belly 3. Insertion |
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3 Characteristic of the muscle origin:
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1. The less movable end of the muscle.
2. Attached to the less movable end of a bone. 3. Usually the end of the muscle closer to the trunk. |
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The main part of the muscle.
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Body or Belly
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The muscle attachment on the more movable bone or on the end farther away from the trunk.
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Muscle Insertion
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The ability of muscle tissue to respond to stimuli.
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Irritability
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The ability of a muscle to transmit impulses.
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Conductivity
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The ability of a muscle to lengthen or stretch & hold.
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Extensibility
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The ability of a muscle to resume former length after a stretching force has been applied to the muscle and then removed.
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Muscle Elasticity
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The ability of a muscle to contract or shorten & to thicken when a muscle shortens.
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Contractility
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There is always an ambient tension in the muscle. Even then it is resting. It is a state of readiness to act more easily & quickly when needed.
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Tone or Tonus
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Continued active use of a muscle causes it to increase in size or ________.
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hypertrophy
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Which muscles move body parts away from another part or away from the mid-line?
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Abductors
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Which muscles move a body part toward another part or toward the mid-line?
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Adductors
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Which muscles lift a part? e.g. elevating the scapula.
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Levators
e.g. Levator Scapuli |
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Muscles that extend a joint & straighten a joint.
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Extensors
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Muscles that revolve a part on its axis.
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Rotators
e.g. rotator cuff muscles |
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Muscles that make a part more rigid - or that tense a part.
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Tensor Muscles
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Muscles that turn the palm upwards.
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Supinator Muscles
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Muscles that turn the palm downwards.
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Pronator Muscles
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Ring-like muscles that close body openings.
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Sphincter Muscles
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What are the 2 causes of contraction for skeletal muscles?
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1. Response to natural stimulus from a motor nerve.
2. Response to artificial stimulus such as an electrical current. |
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Muscles move the body by pulling on the bones. This is known as ________.
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locomotion
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Muscles that move a body part usually lie (proximal / distal) to the part that they are moving.
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proximal
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Body movements are coordinated by the action of muscle _________. Any movement is produces by the coordinated actions of _______ muscles.
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1. pairs
2. several |
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Muscles act in groups. Some of the muscles _______ while others _________.
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1. contract
2. relax |
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From where to muscles cells get their energy to contract?
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Simple Sugars - Glucose
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Neck muscles assist in...
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moving the head from side to side
flexion of the neck extension of the neck rotation of the neck |
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Back muscles assist in...
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Large broad muscles of the back allow the body to bend, turn, & stand erect.
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Chest muscles assist in...
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respiration
movements of neck, arms, and trunk |
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Abdomen muscles assist in...
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broad muscles of the anterior trunk
assist in: respiration elimination of waste from large intestine & bladder. |
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Located in the floor of the pelvic cavity, these muscles assist in defecation & urination.
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Perineal muscles
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Orbicularis Oris
Orbicularis Oculi Buccinator Masseter |
Muscles of the head
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Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid Platysma |
Muscles of the Neck
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Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii Brachialis |
Muscles of the upper arm and upper part of the forearm
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Pectoralis Major
Serratus Anterior External Intercostals Internal Intercostals |
Muscles of the chest
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Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi |
Muscles of the back
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External Obliques
Internal Obliques Transverse Abdominis Rectus Abdominis |
Muscles of the abdomen
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The muscle of respiration....
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Diaphragm
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Levator Ani
Coccygeus |
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
(Perineum) |
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Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Minimus |
Muscles of the Lower Extremities
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Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Adductors Ham Strings |
Muscles of the Thigh
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Quadriceps Femoris is composed of ...
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Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius Rectus Femoris |
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How many muscles make up the adductors?
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Three
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The muscles of the ham strings are...
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Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus Semitendonosus |
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Gastrocnemius
Tibialis Anterior Peronius Longus (Fibularis Longus) Soleus |
Muscles of the lower extremities
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Extensors and Flexors
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Muscles of the forearm
Extensors are posterior Flexors are anterior |
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Flexor Digitorum
Extensor Digitorum |
Muscles of the Foot
Flexor - flexes the toes Extensor - extends the toes |
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The large tendon @ the lower end of the gastrocnemius muscles, which is inserted into the ankle, is the strongest & thickest tendon in the body. It is the _____.
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Calcaneal Tendon
(Achilles Tendon) |
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Muscles that bend a body part are known as:
a. extensors b. flexors c. prime movers d antagonists |
flexors
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Muscles that extend a body part are called:
a. extensors b. flexors c. prime movers d antagonists |
extensors
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The movement required in walking is the results of:
a. The relaxation of smooth muscles. b. Energy produced by the cardiac muscle. c. The contraction & relaxation of skeletal muscles. d. food burned by the skeletal muscles |
The contraction & relaxation of skeletal muscles.
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In cold weather, the brain stimulates the skeletal muscles to produce more heat by causing us to ________.
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shiver
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Muscle cells get their energy to contract from the oxidation of _________.
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glucose
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The muscular structure which forms the floor of the pelvis is called the ______.
a. peritoneum b. parietal muscle c. mons pubis d. perineum |
perineum
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Muscles help the veins with the upward movement of blood when they:
a. atrophy b. contract c. hypertrophy d. stimulate the nerve endings |
contract
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The large calf muscle is called the:
a. quadriceps b. deltoid c. triceps d. gastrocnemius |
gastrocnemius
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The large dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic & abdominal cavities is called:
a. peritoneal fold b. diaphragm c. intercostal muscle d. inter-thoracic muscle |
diaphragm
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When muscles have good tone they are:
a. completely relaxed & flaccid b. always in a state of partial contraction c. smaller than normal d. permanently contracted |
always in a state of partial contraction
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As one muscle contracts the antagonist must:
a. also contract b. relax c. produce energy d. flex |
relax
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Bundles of fibers which are held together by connective tissues are:
a. cartilage b. ligaments c. bursae d. muscles |
muscles
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Muscles are attached to bones by:
a. ligaments b. bursae c. tendons d. periosteum |
tendons
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Type of muscle found in the deltoid muscle:
a. Voluntary b. Involuntary c. cardiac d. Smooth |
Voluntary
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Which muscles do you contract when you flex your arm?
a. trapezius b. triceps c. pectoral d. biceps |
biceps
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Which muscles do you relax when you flex your arm?
a. trapezius b. triceps c. pectoral d. biceps |
triceps
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