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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The masseter originates at the _______ as far anteriorly as the ____.
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zygomatic arch; zygomaticomaxillary tubercle
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The masseter inserts where?
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the coronoid, the ramus, and the angle
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What are the two portions of the masseter?
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deep and superficial
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The _____ of the masseter arises from the medial surface of the masseter on its posterior end.
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deep part
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The ______ of the masseter arises more anteriorly from the inferior border of the zygomatic arch.
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superficial part.
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The ____ fibers of the masseter contribute to protrusion of the mandible.
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superficial
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The _____ fibers of the masseter contribue to retrusion of the mandible.
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deep
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Masseter contributes to ______ excursion of the mandible.
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ipsilateral
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Temporalis arises from the _____ line and the _____ fossa (especially in the region of pterion), and the deep surface of the temporalis fascia.
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inferior temporal; temporal
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The temporalis fascia attaches superiorly to _____ and inferiorly to the _____.
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superior temporal line; zygomatic arch
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Temporalis inserts mostly on the ____, but can extend anteriorly all the way to the ____.
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coronoid process; retromolar fossa
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The temporalis is responsible for initial elevation of the mandible, while ____ and ____ largely finish off the job.
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masseter; medial pterygoid
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The more horizontally oriented fibers of temporalis are responsible for ____ of the mandible.
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retrusion
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The ___ pterygoid is superior to the ____ pterygoid.
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lateral; medial
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The branching of the mandibular division of the trigeminal and the maxillary artery occur in the ____.
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inframtemporal fossa
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The tendons of insertion of what muscles often wrap around the angle to form a tendonous sling? What is this sling called?
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medial pterygoid and masseter; the pterygomasseteric sling
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Medial pterygoid elevates the mandible, but it can also ____ the mandible.
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protude
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When a medial pterygoid contracts unilaterally, the mandible will be drawn ______.
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contralaterally
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_____ is the only muscle of mastication whose fibers are horizontally oriented.
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Lateral pterygoid
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The superior head of the lateral pterygoid arises from ____, while the inferior head arises from _____.
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the greater wing of the sphenoid; the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
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The superior head of lateral pterygoid inserts mostly on what part of the TMJ?
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the meniscus and the articular capsule of the TMJ
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Unilateral contraction of lateral pterygoid draws the mandible _____.
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contralaterally (to the opposite side)
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Muscles of mastication are all derived from the ____ pharyngeal arch.
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first
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Muscles of mastication are all innervated by the ____ fibers of the _____ division of the trigeminal. Only this division has these fibers,
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SVE (special visceral efferent); mandibular
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If there is a lesion of the SVE fibers in CN V3, the mandible, when protruded, will go where?
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Toward the side with the lesion. Contralateral.
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The muscles of mastication receive blood from the _____, which crosses the infratemporal fossa on its way to the ______.
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maxillary artery; pterygomaxillary fissure
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The maxillary artery is a terminal branch of the _____ artery.
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external carotid
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If you reflect skin of neck, superficial fascia, and platysma, you will see what?
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the investing layer, or deep cervical fascia
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Muscles are said to be contracting ____ when they contract to maintain tone and shape.
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tonically
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What are the two kinds of active contraction?
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isometric (length does not change)
isotonic (length changes) |
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During isotonic contraction, muscles may contract what two ways?
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concentrically (shortening)
eccentrically (lengthening) |
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When muscle contracts the ____ remains fixed while the ___ moves, however, the muscle puts equal force on both.
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origin; inesertion
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Most muscles come from somites. If they don't, however, what might they arise from?
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pharyngeal arches
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Name the nerves that innervate muscles of the pharyngeal arches.
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Arch 1 - trigeminal
Arch 2 - facial Arch 3 - glossopharyngeal Arches 4 and 6 - vagus |
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What kinds of muscles come from each arch?
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1 - mastication
2 - facial expression (mimetic) 3 - stylopharyngeus 4, 6 - pharynx and larynx |
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Which muscles of the head and neck are not derived from pharyngeal arches?
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Extraocular muscles (pre-otic somitomeres)
Tongue muscles (post-otic somitomeres) SCM and trapezius (somites) |
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What is the "SCALP" acronym? Which layer are tightly connected? What is the danger zone?
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Skin, Connective tissue (dense), Aponeurosis, Loose connective tissue, and Pericranium
The 3 most superficial The loose connective tissue is the danger zone. The scalp can be ripped off here. |
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What are the three groups of muscles of facial expression?
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epicranial, circumorbital and palpebral, and mouth musculature
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What are the eipcranial muscles?
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occipitofrontalis, temoporoparietalis, and the auricularis muscles
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Where does levator labii superioris alaeque nasi originate? Insert? What fold does it contrbute to?
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Origin: frontal process of maxilla
Insertion: medial - alar cartilage, lateral - upper lip Contributes to nasolabial furrow |
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What are the two portions of nasalis? Where do the originate?
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Transverse part, alar part. Both ORIGINATE on the maxilla.
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Orbicularis oris has four _____. Each has a peripheral portion, and a marginal portion, which surrounds the _____ of the lips.
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quadrants; vermillion
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Which muscle is most responsible for the sneer/exposing the canine?
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zygomaticus minor
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Describe origin/insertion/function of mentalis?
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Origin: frenulum
insertion: skin of chin function: elevates/protrudes lower lip |
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The buccinator milks the _______ and has extensive attachments at the _______.
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parotid gland; modiolus
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Platysma is contained within the ____.
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superficial fascia
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The facial nerve exits the skull at the _____ and enters the _____, where is branches extensively.
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stylomastoid foramen; parotid gland
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What does "two zebras bit my cookie" mean?
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Mnemonic for the branches of the facial nerve:
Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical |
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What causes Bell's palsy?
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Unilateral inflammation of the facial nerve, most likely in the facial canal. This may also cause hyperacusis.
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What is Moebius syndrome?
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Inability to form facial expressions due to congenital underdevelopment of the facial nerve.
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What kind of fibers innervate the muscles of mastication?
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SVE and proprioceptic from trigeminal
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How does lateral pterygoid connect to the TMJ? What does it do?
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The superior head inserts on the articular disk. The inferior head inserts on the pterygoid fovea. This ensures they move in concert.
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What is the structure of the articular disk of the TMJ? Where is it most firmly attached?
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It is biconcave. It is more firmly attached too the condyle than to the temporal bone.
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What are the three kinds of movement of the TMJ?
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rotation, translation, and grinding
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How does the TMJ make "grinding" movements?
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One condyle "swings," while the other "rests". To me this is counter intuitive, because the resting condyle is the one on the WORKING side. It rotates about a vertical axis.
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What may happen if the condyle goes past the articular tubercle?
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Trismus, or lockjaw, meaning the elevators will spasm.
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Which is the only muscle of mastication that contributes to OPENING the mouth?
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lateral pterygoid
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The elastic fibers of the articular disk will snap back, controlled by eccentric contraction of _____.
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lateral pterygoid
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What three ligaments are associated with the TMJ?
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The lateral collateral, the sphenomandibular, and the stylomandibular.
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Both the medial and lateral pterygoids will draw the mandible ______ during unilateral contraction.
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contralaterally
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Where does medial pterygoid originate?
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superficial head: pyramidal process/maxillary tuberosity
deep head: medial face of lateral plate of pterygoid process/pterygoid fossa |
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What is sphenomandibularis?
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I don't care. It probably doesn't exist.
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What does it probably mean if a patient cannot protrude the jaw in the midline?
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There is a lesion on the nerve to lateral pterygoid on the SAME SIDE that the jaw goes to.
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What is in the superficial fascia of the neck?
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fat, platysma
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Which two muscles are within the investing layer/deep fascia of the neck?
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SCM and trapezius
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What smaller triangles can the anterior cervical triangle be divided into?
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the carotid, the submandibular, the submental, and the muscular
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boders of the carotid triangle, stuff you find there
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posterior belly of digastric, SCM, and superior omohyoid
common carotid and related visceral sensory receptors |
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boundaries of muscular triangle, stuff you find there
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superior omohyoid, SCM, midline, hyoid
nothing special here. muscles. |
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boundaries of submental triangle
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anterior belly of diagstic, hyoid
NB: there is only one |
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boudaries of submandibular triangle, stuff in it
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diagastric and mandible
submandibular gland, portion of the parotid, and the facial artery |
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Which ligament suspends the hyoid from the skull?
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stylohyoid
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What are the suprahyoids? What innervates them?
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the digastric, the mylohyoid, the geniohyoid, and the stylohyoid
Anterior belly, mylohyoid: CNV3 Posterior belly, stylohyoid: VII Geniohyoid: N. to geniohyoid (C1) |
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What are the two superficial infrahyoids? The two deep infrahyoids?
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superficial: sternohyoid, omohyoid
deep: sternothyroid, thyrohyoid |
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What innervates the infrahyoids?
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They are innervated by ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus, except for thyrohyoid, which is innervated directly by C1 fibers.
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What is the only muscle that ORIGINATES on a nuchal line?
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trapezius. It appears that all others insert there.
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