Myology

Front 1

4 types of muscle

Back 1

visceral/involuntary

somatic/voluntary

cardiacsuper

Hint 1

Visceral/Involuntary

Somatic/Voluntary

Cardiac

Myoepithelium

Front 2

This type of muscle has the ability to contract spontaneously even without a nervous impulse but contraction may be initiated and modified by autonomic nerves.

Back 2

Visceral/Involuntary

Front 3

Examples of involuntary muscle

Back 3

gut, bladder wall, and scrotal skin

Front 4

How do you describe involuntary muscle?

Back 4

Smooth, plain, non-striated muscle, or unstriped muscles

Front 5

This type of muscle is dependent upon nervous stimulation. It’s normally in a partially contracted state - muscle tone.

Back 5

Somatic/Voluntary muscle

Front 6

How do you describe voluntary muscle?

Back 6

Skeletal, striated, or striped muscles

Front 7

This type of muscle is intermediate in quality between somatic and visceral muscles. Only found in the heart.

Back 7

Cardiac muscle

Front 8

Other special contractile tissue

Back 8

Myoid cells of the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Front 9

The ability of muscle fibers to sustain contraction over long periods. It’s dependent on energy obtained from aerobic metabolism.

Back 9

Endurance

Front 10

Relatively small to allow diffusion of oxygen and nutrients has a rich blood supply, a high density of mitochondria; and a high density of cytochromes and myoglobin.

Back 10

High endurance fiber

Front 11

Other name for endurance fibers which provide the coloring of red meat.

Back 11

Red fibers

Front 12

_______ muscles are aerobic, but some ______ muscles have also high endurance qualities.

Back 12

Postural ; propulsive

Front 13

Muscles infrequently rely on this metabolism, using an intrinsic glycogen store.

Back 13

Anaerobic metabolism

Front 14

This is much less efficient than aerobic metabolism and produces a build up of lactic acid and a consequent oxygen debt.

Back 14

Anaerobic metabolism

Front 15

Skeletal muscles are named according to:

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function

position

direction of fibers

shape

form

Front 16

supinator, long digital extensor

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function

Front 17

lateralis ulnaris

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position

Front 18

external abdominal oblique, rectus (straight) femoris

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direction of fibers

Front 19

deltoideus (delta - triangular)

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shape

Front 20

triceps, biceps

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form

Front 21

Functions of muscles

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production of movement

retains movement

Front 22

Muscles produce _____ in warm-blooded animals cause skeletal muscle is in state of tone and thus generates heat even when at rest.

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heat

Front 23

Muscle types depending on their contraction time to a peak of tension

Back 23

Fast twitch

Slow twitch

Front 24

Used energy at a higher rate. They’re found where a rapid acceleration is required.

Back 24

Fast twitch

Front 25

Found where a force to slow down or prevent movement is needed. They’re economical and use little energy and are common in postural muscles where they oppose the force of gravity.

Back 25

Slow twitch

Front 26

Muscles with these fibers usually have a greater range of movement than those with short fiber.

Back 26

Long fibers and long fasciculi

Front 27

These fibers reduce bulk and increase muscle strength

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Short fibers

Front 28

Types of muscle fibers

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Fusiform

Pennate

Front 29

Muscle is spindle-shaped and the fibers converge on the tendon

Back 29

Fusiform

Front 30

Parallel fibers attach to the tendon is forming an angle. These may be unipennate, bipennate, or multipennate muscles.

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Pennate

Front 31

A subcutaneous tissue is composed of

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areolar tissue

fascia

Front 32

loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that often contains fat; often distended with embalming fluid

Back 32

Areolar tissue

Front 33

denser, more regularly arranged thin layer of connective tissue

Back 33

fascia

Front 34

deep to the areolar tissue, forming the deep portion of the subcutaneous tissue that covers the entire body

Back 34

superficial fascia

Hint 34

superficial fascia

Front 35

more firmly attached to the muscle that it encloses

Back 35

deep fascia

Front 36

proximal attachment of a muscle and usually moves the least

Back 36

origin

Front 37

the distal attachment or the part that moves the most

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insertion

Front 38

dense, regularly arranged connective tissue organized into a small, well-developed bundle.

Back 38

tendon

Front 39

has some consistency with tendon but the fibrous tissue is arranged as a thin sheet of tissue

Back 39

aponeurosis

Front 40

fibrous connective tissue between bones. also used for a various connections like between organs or between an organ and the body wall

Back 40

ligament

Front 41

structures that serve as shock absorbers

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menisci

Front 42

thin sheet of muscle that covers most of dorsal, lateral, and ventral walls of the thorax and abdomen

Back 42

cutaneous trunci

Front 43

a closed sac containing synovial fluid which reduces friction

Back 43

bursa

Front 44

Muscles that attached the limb to the axial skeleton

Back 44

extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb