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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
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Myocardial infarction
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What is the third leading cause of death in the United States?
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Stroke
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How do strokes occur? x2
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1. When brain cells are deprived of oxygen
2. Damaged by sudden bleeding into the brain |
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What are the 4 major types of strokes?
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1. Ischemic
2. Thrombotic 3. Embolic 4. Hemorrhagic |
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What are transient ischemic attacks (TIA) known as?
How long do they last? |
- Mini-strokes
- A few minutes |
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Myocardial infarction produces symptoms that are similar to what?
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Angina
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Chronic inflamination of arteries that supply blood to the heart and brain can lead to what? x2
Why? |
1. Stroke
2. Myocardial infarction Vascular inflammation is a cause of atherosclerosis |
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What is atherosclerosis?
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A buildup of lipids and plaque inside of artery walls
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What is atherothrombosis?
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The formation of a blood clot in the arteries
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What are nonmodifiable factors of stroke and myocardial infarction? x3
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1. Age
2. Gender 3. Family history of stroke and myocardial infarction |
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What are modifiable factors of stroke and myocardial infarction? x3
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1. Smoking
2. Heavy alcohol consumption 3. A diet high in cholesterol |
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What are the diseases that can increase the risk for stroke and myocardial infarction? x5
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1. Diabetes
2. Hypertension 3. Hyperlipidemia 4. Artirial fibrillation 5. Infection |
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What is the main purpose of drug therapy for myocardial infarction and stroke? x3
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1. Prevention
2. Control the buildup of lipids and plaque 3. Reduce the formation of blood clots |
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What is hemostasis?
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The process of stopping the flow of blood
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What kinds of antithrombotic drugs are there? x3
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1. Agents that inhibit platelets
2. Anticoagulants 3. Fibrinolytic agents |
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What do antiplatelet drugs do?
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Interfere with early steps in the clot formation process
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What are the parenteral antiplatelet drugs? x3
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1. abciximab
2. eptifibatide 3. tirofiban |
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What are the oral antiplatelet drugs? x3
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1. ticlopidine
2. clopidogrel 3. dipyridamole |
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What are the anticoagulant drugs? x2
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1. heparin
2. LMWH (Low-molecular-weight heparin) |
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Are LMWHs substitutable?
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No
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What does warfarin interfere with?
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The formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
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What warning label should be place on warfarin?
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"AVOID PREGNANCY"
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What do thrombolytics (also called fibrinolytics) do?
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Dissolve blood clots
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What is the principal focus for prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke?
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Treatment of hyperlipidemia
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What is LDL known as?
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Bad cholesterol
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What is HDL known as?
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Good cholesterol
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What are "statins?"
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HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
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What do statins do? x2
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1. Block the final step of cholesteral synthesis
2. Promote LDL elimination |
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What do fibrates do?
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Increase clearance of VLDL
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What do bile acid sequestrants do?
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Promote intestinal clearance of cholesterol
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What is Niacin?
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Vitamin B3
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