Myers' Psychology Vocabulary Chapter 8 Learning

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Learning

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a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

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Associative learning

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learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)

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Classical conditioning AKA Pavlovian conditioning

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a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

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Behaviorism

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the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

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Unconditioned response (UCR)

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in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as salivation when food is in the mouth

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Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

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in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response

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Conditioned response (CR)

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in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)

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Conditioned stimulus (CS)

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in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response

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Acquisition

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the initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.

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Extinction

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the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.

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Spontaneous recovery

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the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response

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Reinforcer

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in operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.