Myers' Psych: Developmental Psychology [Piaget, Kohlberg, Erikson]

Front 1

sensorimotor stage

Back 1

[birth to nearly 2 years]

experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping)

Front 2

developmental phenomenon (sensorimotor stage)

Back 2

object permanence, stranger anxiety

Front 3

object permanence

Back 3

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Front 4

stranger anxiety

Back 4

fear of strangers that infants commonly display

Front 5

preoperational stage

Back 5

[2 to about 6 or 7 years]

representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning

Front 6

developmental phenomenon (preoperational stage)

Back 6

pretend play, egocentrism, theory of mind

Front 7

egocentrism

Back 7

the peroperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

Front 8

theory of mind

Back 8

people's ideas about their own and others' mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviours these might predict

Front 9

concrete operational stage

Back 9

[7 to 11 years]

thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations

Front 10

developmental phenomenon (concrete operational stage)

Back 10

conservation, mathematical transformations

Front 11

conservation

Back 11

concept that properties like mass, volume, and number stay the same throughout all forms of objects

Front 12

formal operational stage

Back 12

[12 through adulthood]

abstract reasoning

Front 13

developmental phenomenon (formal operational stage)

Back 13

abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning

Front 14

preconventional morality

Back 14

Before age 9, most children's morality focuses on self-interest. They obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.

Front 15

conventional morality

Back 15

By early adolescence, morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are the laws and rules.

Front 16

postconventional morality

Back 16

With the abstract reasoning of formal operational thought, people may reach a third moral level. Actions are judged "right" because they flow from people's rights or from self-defined, basic ethical principles.

Front 17

trust vs. mistrust

Back 17

[infancy to 1 year]

if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust

Front 18

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Back 18

[1 to 3 years]

toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities

Front 19

initiative vs. guilt

Back 19

[3 years to 6 years]

preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans on they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent

Front 20

industry vs. role confusion

Back 20

[6 years to puberty]

teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Front 21

intimacy vs. isolation

Back 21

[teen years into 20s]

young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

Front 22

generativity vs. stagnation

Back 22

[20s to early 40s]

in middle age, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Front 23

integrity vs. despair

Back 23

[40s to 60s]

reflecting on his or her life, an older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure