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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three morphological types of fungi.
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Yeast = unicellular; budding
Mould = filamentous hyphae Dimorphic (yeast @ 35-37; mould @ 25-30) |
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Describe asexual reproduction.
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Increase in vegetative mass
Develop asexual reproductive structures and spores No union of nuclei "anamorphic state" *more clinically relevant state |
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Describe sexual reproduction.
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Union of two compatible nuclei
Followed by meiosis Specialized structures and spores "teleomorphic state" *generally in nature |
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Which state is used to determine phylogenetic relationships in fungi.
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Teleomorph
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What are the 5 divisions in the fungi kindgom?
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Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Fungi imperfecti |
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Which division includes most of the medically relevant fungi?
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Fungi imperfecti
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What are the two types of asexual spores?
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Sporangiospores
Conidia |
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What type of fungi form sporangiospores and which form conidia?
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Sporangiospores are only in zygomycetes.
Conidia are found in all others. |
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What are the sexual spores?
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zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores
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What are the spore-bearing structures for ascspores? basidiospores?
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Ascospores = ascus, cliestothecia
Basidiospores = basidiocarps (mushroom) |
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What are the spore-bearing structures for asexual spores?
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sporangiospore
conidiophore |
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Name four yeast structures.
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Blastoconidia
Chlamydoconidia Pseudohyphae Germ tube |
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When do you see chlamydioconidia?
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In adverse conditions; they are survival or resting conidia
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Describe pseudohyphae.
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Series of elongated blastoconidia
(reproduce by budding but remain attached in an elongate, linear fashion) |
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What is germ tube formation useful for?
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Primary hyphal element that distinguishes Candida albicans from other yeasts
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What are some differences between fungi and bacteria?
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eukaryote vs. prokaryote
chitin in fungal cell wall Sterols in fungal cell membrane Reproduction (budding vs. binary fission) |
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What are some stains used for direct examination of clinical material?
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Gram stain
KOH India ink PAS GMS Calcofluor (fluorescent dye that binds chitin) |
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What are some fungal media used to culture fungi?
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Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)
Potato dextrose agar BHI Caffeic acid agar (birdseed) for C. neoformans Urea agar *may also add antibiotics to inhibit bacterial growth |
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What are some identification techniques for yeasts?
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Germ tube test
Chlamydiaconidia production on corn meal agar (poor nutrition) Carbohydrate tests Urease production |
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What are some identification techniques for moulds?
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Direct examination of microscopic morphology using tease mount, scotch tape, slide culture
*especially of structures associated with sporulation Use of DNA probes |
