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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Malassezia furfur
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Normal skin flora. Yeast clusters and short curved hyphae on KOH mount. "Spaghetti and meatballs" appearance.
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Characteristics of dermatophytes
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Filamentous monomorphic fungi. KOH mount shows arthroconidia and hyphae.
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Types of dermatophytes
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Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
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Characteristics of Sporothrix schenckii
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Hyphae with rosettes and sleeves of conidia in the envirenment. Cigar-shaped yeast in tissue
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Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum
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Hyphae with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia in environment. Small intracellular yeasts inside macrophages.
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Characteristics of Coccidioides immitis
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Hypahe breaking up into arthroconidia is environmental form. Spherules with endospores is tissue form.
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Characteristics of Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Hyphae with nondescript conidia is environmental form. Broad-based budding yeats with double refractile cell wall in tissue.
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Characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus
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Monomorphic fungus with septate hyphae and dichotomous branches at 45 degree angles
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Characteristics of Candida albicans
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Yeast is normal flora of mucous membranes. Germ tubes in serum. Pseudohyphae and true hyphae in tissues.
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Characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Encapsulated monomorphic yeast on India ink. Capsular "halo" in CSF sample.
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Characteristics of Mucor
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Nonspetate hyphae with 90 degree angle branches
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Characteristics of Pneumocystis jirovenci
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Obligate extracellular parasite shows silver-staining cysts in tissues.
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Eastern Great Lakes
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Histoplasma capsulatum
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Ohio river valley
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Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Mississippi river valley
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Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Missouri river valley
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Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Southern California
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Coccidioides immitis
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Arizona
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Coccidioides immitis
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New Mexico
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Coccidioides immitis
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Texas
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Coccidioides immitis
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Nevada
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Coccidioides immitis
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Michigan
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Northern Minnesota
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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North Carolina
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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South Carolina
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Central America
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Pityriasis/tinea versicolor
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Malassezia furfur. Superficial infection of keratinized cells in moist, warm temperature. Hypopigmented spots on the chest and back. Rx.: topical selenium sulfide
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Tinea
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Scaly, itchy ring-like lessions of the skin. Can also invade scalp, body and feet. Rx.: topical imidazoles.
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Cutaneous sporotrichosis
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Subcutaneous or lymphocutaneous mycetomas seen in gardeners, florists, basket weavers. Rx.: itraconazole or amphotericin B
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Pulmonary sporotrichosis
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Pulmonary mycetomas seen in urban homeless alcoholics. Rx.: itraconazole or amphotericin B
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Fungus flu pneumonia
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H. capsulatum. Histoplasmosis. Can be assomptomatyc or pneumonia and hepatosplenomegaly may be present. Associated with spelunking (cave exploring), cleaning chicken coops or bulldozing starling roots. Rx.: ketoconazole, amphotericin B
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Valley fever
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Coccidioides immitus. Coccidiomycosis. Asymptomatic to self-resolving pneumonia associated with erythema nodosum and arthritis. Can affect immunocompromised patients with pulmonary calcifications or pregnant women in the third trimester. Rx.: amphotericin B.
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Blastomycosis
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B. dermatitidis. Acute or chronic pulmonary disease. Rx.: amphotericin B/ketoconazole
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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
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A. fumigatus. Asthma and allergies predispose as it grows in mucous plugs
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Fungus ball
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A. fumigatus. Grows in lung cavitations need to surgically remove.
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Invasive aspergillosis
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A. fumigatus. Invades tissues causing infarcts and hemorrhage, pneumonia, meningitis or cellulitis. Neutropenia, CGD, CF and burns are predisposing factors. Rx.: amphotericin B
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Candidiasis
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C. albicans. Oral thrush, esophagitis, gastritis (premature babies, steroid users, AIDS patients, antibiotic overuse). Yeast vaginitis (high pH, diabetics). Rx.: amphotericin B for disseminated, topical azoles/nystatin.
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Cryptococcosis
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C. neoformans. Meningitis in Hodgkin and AIDS patients. Acute pulmonary infection in pigeon breeders. Rx.: AMB+5 flucytosine
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Rhinocerebral infection
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Mucor. Paranasal swelling, necrotic tissues and hemorrhagic exudates in ketoacidotic diabetics and leukemic patients. Rx.: amphotericin B
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Pneumocystis pneumonia
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Atypical pneumonia in AIDS patients. Nonproductive cough, fever, duspnea, destruction of type I pneumocytes. Patchy infiltrate in x-ray. Rx.: trimethrophrom sulfa
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