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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the protein shell that encloses the viral genome
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capsid
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a membrane that cloaks the capsid and encloses a viral genome
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viral envelope
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bacterial viruses
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bacteriophages or phages
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the limited range of host cells that each virus can infect and parasitize
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host range
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a phage reproductive cycle that results in death of the host cell
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lytic cycle
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a phage that reproduces only by a lytic cycle
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virulent phage
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replicates the phage genome without destroying the host
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lysogenic cycle
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phages that are able to use both modes of reproducing within a bacterium
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temperate phage
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the lambda DNA molecule is incorporated by genetic recombination (crossing over) into a specific site on the host cell's chromosome
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prophage
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RNA viruses with the most complicated reproductive cycles
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retroviruses
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transcribes DNA from an RNA template
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reverse transcriptase
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integrated viral DNA
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provirus
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virus that causes AIDS (Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
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HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
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stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the actual pathogen
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vaccines
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tiny molecules of naked circular RNA that infect plants
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viriods
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infectious proteins
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prions
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a dense region of DNA that is not bounded by a membrane like the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
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nucleoid
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the alterations of a bacterial cell's genotype by the uptake of naked, foreign DNA from the surrounding environment
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transformation
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phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another
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transduction
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the phage transfers bacterial genes at random
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generalized transduction
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transfers genes near the prophage site on the bacterial chromosome
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specialized transduction
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the direct transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells that are temporarily joined
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conjugation
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the ability to form sex pili and donate DNA during conjugation results from the presence of this special peice of DNA
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F factor (F for fertility)
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a small, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule separate from the bacterial chromosome
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plasmid
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can exist either as a plasmid or as part of the bacterial chromosome
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episome
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the plasmid form of the F factor
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F plasmid
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the genes conferring resistance are carried by these plasmids
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R plasmids (R for resistance)
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a piece of DNA that can move from one location to another in a cell's genome
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transposon
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the simplest bacterial transposons
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insertion sequences
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a sequence of nucleotides near the start of an operon to which an active repressor can attach
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operator
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the entire stretch of DNA required for enzyme production for the tryptophan pathway
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operon
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the operon can be switched off by this protein
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repressor
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the repressor is the product of this gene
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regulatory gene
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a small molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off.
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corepressor
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inactivates the repressor
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inducer
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accumulates when glucose is scarce
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cyclic AMP (cAMP)
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a regulatory protein that activates transcription
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cAMP receptor protein (CRP)
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