Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell division
|
continuity of life; based on the reproduction of cells
|
|
cell cycle
|
the life of a cell from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two
|
|
genome
|
a cells own DNA, or genetifc information
|
|
chromosomes
|
threadlike, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus; contains chromatin
|
|
somatic cells
|
all body cells except the reproductive cells
|
|
gametes
|
sperm and egg cells
|
|
chromatin
|
a DNA-protein complex organized into long thin fibers
|
|
sister chromatids
|
duplicated chromosomes
|
|
centromere
|
the narrow waist of a chromosome that connects the two sister chromatids; made of protein
|
|
Mitosis
|
the division of the nucleus
|
|
cytokinesis
|
the division of the cytoplasm
|
|
Meiosis
|
cell division that produces gametes
|
|
Mitotic (M) phase
|
shortest part of mitosis; includes mitosis and cytokiesis
|
|
interphase
|
accounts for 90% of the cell cycle; includes the G1, S, and the G2 phase
|
|
G1 phase
|
first growth phase; consists of a portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
|
|
S phase
|
DNA synthesis
|
|
G2 phase
|
second growth phase; consist of a portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
|
|
aster
|
mictrotubules that extend from the centromeres in radial rays
|
|
prophase
|
first subphase of mitosis; chromatin condense, mitotic spindle begins to forms, but the nucleolus and nucleus are still intact
|
|
prometaphase
|
second sunphase of mitosis; chromosomes appear, nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindles attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes
|
|
metaphase
|
third subphase of mitosis; spindle completes, and chromosomes are aligned at metaphase plate
|
|
anaphase
|
fourth subphase of mitosis; chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
|
|
telophase
|
fifth and final sunphase of mitosis; daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has begun
|
|
kinetochore
|
located at the centromere region that connects the two chromtids
|
|
metaphase plate
|
imaginary plane that is equidistant btw the spindle's two poles
|
|
mitotic spindle
|
consist of fibers made of microtubules & accosiated proteins
|
|
cemtrosome
|
nonmembranous organelle that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules
|
|
cleavage
|
the pinching of the cytolasm
|
|
cleavage furrow
|
shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate
|
|
cell plate
|
double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell where the new cell wall forms
|
|
binary fission
|
the type of cell division by which prokaryotes reproduce. each dividing daughter cell receives a copy of the parental chromosome
|
|
origin of replication
|
the copies of the first replicated region
|
|
cell cycle control system
|
a cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
|
|
checkpoint
|
a critical control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle
|
|
G"zero" phase
|
nondividing stage
|
|
cyclin
|
a protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell
|
|
cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks)
|
a protein kinase that is active only when attached tp a particular cyclin
|
|
MPF
|
protein complex required for a cell t progress from late interphase to mitosis
|
|
growth factor
|
a protein released by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide
|
|
density-dependent inhibition
|
a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing
|
|
anchorage dependence
|
to divide, cells must be attached to a substratum, such as the inside of a culture jar or the extracellular matrix of a tissue
|
|
transformation
|
the process that converts to a normal cell to a cancer cell
|
|
tumor
|
a mass of abmormal cells within otherwise normal tissue
|
|
benign tumor
|
abnormal cells that remain that remain at the original site
|
|
malignant tumor
|
cancerous cells that can spread and can impair functions
|
|
metastasis
|
the spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site
|