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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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have a high proportion of positively charged amino acids that bind tightly to negatively charged DNA
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histones
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the basic beadlike form of DNA packaging
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nucleosome
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highly compacted chromatin that is visible with a light mircoscope during interphase
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heterochromatin
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the more open, unraveled form of eukaryotic chromatin
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euchromatin
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nucleotide sequences that are present in many copies in a genome, usually not within genes
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repetitive DNA
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isolation of repetitive DNA in a centrifuge tube
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satellite DNA
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interspersed repetitive DNA which are about 300 nucleotide pairs long
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Alu elements
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a collection of identical or very similar genes
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multigene family
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similar to real genes, but do not yield functional products
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Pseudogenes
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selective synthesis of DNA, results in multiple copies of a single gene, thereby enhancing expression
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gene amplification
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transposable elements that move within a genome by means of an RNA intermediate
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retrotransposons
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proteins that specifically recognize and help combat viruses, bacteria, and other invaders of the body
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immunoglobulins
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the divergence in form and function as cells become specialized during an organism's development
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cellular differentiation
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the attachment of methyl groups to DNA bases after DNA is synthesized
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DNA methylation
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where methylation permanently turns off either the maternal or paternal allele of certain genes
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genomic imprinting
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attachment of acetyl groups to certain amino acids of histone proteins
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histone acetylation
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segements of non-coding DNA that help regulate transcription of a gene by binding proteins
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control elements
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recognizes transcription factors that can stimulate transcription of nearby genes
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enhancers
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transcription factor that binds to an enhancer and stimulates trcascription of a gene
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activator
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a part of its 3-dimensional structure that binds to DNA
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DNA-binding domain
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different RNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which are introns and exons
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alternative RNA splicing
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protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin
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proteasomes
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invovled in triggering cancerous characteristics
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oncogenes
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gene with potential to cause cancer but that requires alteration to become an oncogene
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proto-oncogenes
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gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth
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tumor-suppressor genes
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codes for Ras protein, results in stimulation of the cell cycle
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ras gene
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expressed when a cell's DNA is damaged; "the guardian angle of the genome"
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p53 gene
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