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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region
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Amphipathic molecule
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the membrane is a fluid structure with various proteins embedded in or attached to a double layer of phospholipids
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Fluid Mosaid Model
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penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer
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Integral Proteins
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appendages loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
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Peripheral proteins
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the hydrophilic substances avoid contact with the lipid bilayer by passing through...
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Transport Proteins
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The tendency for molecules of any substance to spread out into the available space
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Diffusion
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any substance will diffuse down its...
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Concentration Gradient
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The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane
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Passive Transport
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The solution with a higher concentration of solute
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Hypertonic
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the solution with a lower concentration of solute
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Hypotonic
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Solutions of equal solute concentration
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Isotonic
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the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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Osmosis
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the control of water balance
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Osmoregulation
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a very firm cell
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Turgid
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a limp cell
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Flaccid
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the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall
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Plasmolysis
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When diffusion is helped by a protein
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Facilitated Diffusion
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water channel proteins
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Aquaporins
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a stimulus causes them to open or close
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Gated Channels
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transport requiring energy
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Active Transport
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exchanges sodium for potassium across the plasma membrane of animal cells
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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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the combination of forces acting on an ion
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Electrochemical Gradient
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a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane
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Electrogenic Pump
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the main electrogenic pump of plants, bacteria, and fungi
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Proton Pump
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the cell secretes macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles witht he plasma membrane
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Exocytosis
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the cell takes in macromolecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles
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Endocytosis
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a cell engulfs a particle by wrapping pseudopodia around it and packaging it within a membrane-enclosed sac
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Phagocytosis
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the cell "gulps" droplets of extracellular fluid into tiny vesicles
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Pinocytosis
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very specific about the solutes dissolved in the droplet
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Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
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extracellular substances that bind to the receptors
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Ligands
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