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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses
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Light Microscopes
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a measure of clarity of the image
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Resolving Power
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most subcellular structures
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Organelles
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focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or into its surface
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Electron Microscope
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used mainly to study the internal ultrastructure of cells
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Transmission Electron Microscope
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especially used for detailed study of the surface of the sample
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Scanning Electron Microscope
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to take cells apart, separating the major organelles so that their functions can be studied
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Cell Fractionation
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semifluid substance within the membrane
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Cytosol
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does not contain a nucleus
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Prokaryotic Cell
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the DNA of a prokaryotic cell is concentrated here
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Nucleoid
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the entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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Cytoplasm
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functions as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen
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Plasma Membrane
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contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell
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Nucleus
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a netlike array of protein filaments
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Nuclear Lamina
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DNA organized along with proteins into a fibrous material
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Chromatin
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a prominent structure within the nondividing nucleus
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Nucleolus
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particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein
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Ribosomes
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many of the different membranes of the eukaryotic system
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Endomembrane
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cytoplasmic surface lacks ribosomes
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Smooth ER
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appears rough through the electron microscope
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Rough ER
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proteins that are covalently bonded to
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glycoproteins
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transit from one part of the cell to another
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Transport Vesicles
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center for manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping
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Golgi apparatus
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membrane-bound sac of hydrolytic enymes that the cell uses to digest macromolecules
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Lysosome
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engulfing smaller organisms or other food particles
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Phagocytosis
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formed by phagocytosis
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Food Vacuoles
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pump excess water out of the cell
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Contractile Vacuoles
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mature plants contain them
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Central Vacuole
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Membrane surrounding central vacuole
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Tonoplast
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sites of cellular respiration
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Mitochondria
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site of photosynthesis
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Chloroplasts
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infoldings on inner membrane
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cristae
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enclosed by the inner membrane
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Mitochondrial Matrix
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a family of closely related plant organelles
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Plastids
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flattened sacs
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Thylakoids
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a stack of thylakoids
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Granum
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fluid outside the thylakoids
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Stroma
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a specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a singular membrane
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Peroxisome
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a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
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Cytoskeleton
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the thickest cytoskeleton
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Microtubules
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the thinnest cytoskeleton
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Microfilaments
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fibers with diameters in middle range
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Intermediate Filaments
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a region often located near the nucleus
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Centrosome
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within the centrosome of an animal cell
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Centrioles
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locomotor appendages (longer)
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Flagella
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locomotor appendages (shorter)
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Cilia
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strucurally identical to a centriole
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Basal Body
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makes up motor molecules extending from each microtubule doublet to the next
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Dynein
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a globular protein
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Actin
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thicker filaments made of protein
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myosin
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extend and contract through the reversible assembly of actin subunits into microfilaments
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Pseudopodia
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a circular flow of cytoplasm within cells
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Cytoplasmic Streaming
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protects the plant cell, maintains its shaped, and prevents excessibe uptake of water
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Cell Wall
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a relatively thin and flexible wall first secreted by young plant cell
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Primary Cell Wall
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a thin layer rich in sticky polysaccharides called pectins
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Middle Lamella
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some cells add this between the plama membrane and the primary wall
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Secondary Cell Wall
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the main ingredients of this is glycoproteins secreted by the cells
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Extracellular Matrix
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form strong fiber outside the cell
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Collagen
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glycoproteins of another class
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Proteoglycans
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bind to recepter proteins
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Fibronectins
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receptor proteins of fibronectins
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Integrins
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perforations of plant cell walls
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Plasmodesmata
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fastens cells together into strong sheets
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Desmosomes
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provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent animal cells
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Gap Junctions
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