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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Life |
Is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have signaling and self-sustaining processes.
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6 Characteristics of Life |
Homeostasis, Organization, Metabolism, Growth and Development, Response to stimuli, and Reproduction
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Natural Selection |
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
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Evolution |
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth
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Darwinian Fitness |
It is fit if it is able to survive and reproduce to pass its DNA to the next generation. |
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Cladogram |
It is used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships and show points at which various species have diverged from common ancestral forms.
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Coevolution |
The influence of closely associated species on each other in their evolution
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Homologous Structure |
Homo referes to "same"
Is any characteristic of organisms that is derived from a common ancestor |
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Vestigial Structures |
Describes homologous characters of organisms that have seemingly lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution |
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Producer |
An autotrophic organism capable of producing complex organic compounds from simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis (using light energy) or through chemosynthesis (using chemical energy). |
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Consumer
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An organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to lack of the ability to manufacture own food from inorganic sources; a heterotroph |
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Food Web
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A system of interlocking and interdependent food chains |
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Food Chain
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A hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food |
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Biotic
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relating to, or resulting from living things |
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Abiotic |
Physical rather than biological; not derived from living organisms, such as sunlight, water, air, fire |
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Ecosystem |
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
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Oganelles |
Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell
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Eukaryote |
An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria
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Prokaryote
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A microscopic single-celled organism, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria, that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
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Nucleus |
often called the brain of the cell, main structures is DNA inside a nuclear membrane |
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Ribosome |
site of proteins synthesis |
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Mitochondria
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found in all cells, site of cellular respiration, breaks down glucose using oxygen releases energy in the form of ATP, carbon dioxide and water. |
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Chloroplast |
organelle that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place, takes in carbon dioxide and water, procudes food and oxygen |
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Macromolecules
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A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer |
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Carbohydrates |
organic molecule that is a structural component of living cells and source of energy, includes simple sugars, sugars and starches |
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Proteins
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A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
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Amino Acids
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The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. |
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Lipids
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group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins |
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Nucleic Acids
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organic molecule composed of nucleotides, DNA or RNA which carry genetic information |
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water |
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Cellular Respiration
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respiration: the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs |
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Chlorophyl
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A green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis |
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Glucose
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A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates |
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ATP |
energy carrying molecule that is used by cells, an organic compound composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups, |
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Mitosis
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A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each the same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth |
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Meiosis
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A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell |
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Diploid
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containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, body cells are diploid |
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Haploid |
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, gametes (sex cells) are haploid |
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Chromosome
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A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
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Genetics
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The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
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Allele
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One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome |
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Homologous Chromosomes |
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci |
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Punnet Squares
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A tool that helps to show all possible allelic combinations of gametes in a cross of parents with known genotypes in order to predict the probability of their offspring possessing certain sets of alleles |
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Transcription
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It is the process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) |
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Translation
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The process follows transcription in which the DNA sequence is copied (or transcribed) into an mRNA. |
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DNA
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Stores info of cells |
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mRNA
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Messenger of RNA, carries the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
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tRNA
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Transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the mRNA/ribosome complex to make proteins |
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Codon |
The "code on" (codon) the mRNA, A sequence of three nucleotides which code for a particular nucleic acid |
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Anti-codon |
A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA |
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Nucleotide
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A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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Mutation
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a change or mistake in the DNA |
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Frameshift
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Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternate process of protein translation |
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Point
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A mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence |
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Digestive System |
main organs include mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, breaks down food, separates nutrients from waste, transfers nutrients to blood and removes solid waste from the body. |
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Reproductive system |
organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring |
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Arteries/Veins |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry blood towards the heart.
Any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body |
