Mv: Diagnostic Mycoses

Front 1

Most common specimen submitted for Fungal culture:

Back 1

Respiratory tract secretions

Front 2

Enumerate the specific types of specimens for diagnostic mycology:

Back 2

- Sputum

- Induced sputum

- Bronchial washings

- Alveolar lavage

- Tracheal aspirate

Front 3

What is the minimum volume of respiratory tract secretion specimens that should be used to inoculate the culture medium?

Back 3

At least 0.5mL

Front 4

Why should we incorporate antibacterial agents in culture media for Fungal culture?

Back 4

To prevent overgrowth of contaminants.

Front 5

What is the most commonly used specific antibacterial agent in preventing overgrowth of rapidly-growing Molds?

Back 5

Cycloheximide

Front 6

CSF can be filtered through a ___________ attached to a sterile syringe:

Back 6

0.45 um membrane filter

Front 7

CSF: culture should be examined daily and the filter is moved to another location every _______:

Back 7

Every other day

Front 8

If less than 1mL of CSF is submitted, what should we do to it?

Back 8

It should be centrifuged and 1 drop aliquots of the sediment should be placed on several areas of the agar surface.

Front 9

CSF: once received in the lab, specimen must be processed promptly. If not possible, how do we stor the specimen?

Back 9

Store at room temp or placed in a 30°C incubator.

Front 10

Which sample collection is best done before any antimicrobial is administered?

Back 10

Blood sample collection

Front 11

Blood sample is usually collected from 2-3 different sites. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 11

True

Front 12

What is used for the optimal recovery of Dimorphic fungi in the blood such as Histoplasma capsulatum?

Back 12

Lysis-centrifugation system (Isolator, Oxoid)

Front 13

Why do we lyse and centrifuge RBC and WBC containing the microorganisms?

Back 13

To concentrate the microorganisms before culturing.

Front 14

Fungal growth can be observed with _______ of incubation:

Back 14

4 days

Front 15

Some Dimorphic fungi are slow growing and the suggested incubation time is _____:

Back 15

21 days

Front 16

What is the optimal temperature for Fungal blood culture?

Back 16

30°C

Front 17

Enumerate the reagents contained in tubes for Lysis-centrifugation system (Isolator, Oxoid);

Back 17

- Saponinn (cell-lying agent)

- Propylene glycol (blocks the foaming tendency of saponin)

- SPS (anticoagulant)

Front 18

Which type of clinical specimens are used for the diagnosis of dermatophyte infections?

Back 18

Hair, Skin, and Nail scrapings

Front 19

What material should we use to scrape skin and nails?

Back 19

Scalpel or glass slide

Front 20

How do we collect infected hairs?

Back 20

By plucking the hair using forceps.

Front 21

Hair, Skin, and Nail specimens should be placed in a sterile container and refrigerated. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 21

False. It shouldn't be refrigerated.

Front 22

Which agar is satisfactory for the recovery of dermatophyte?

Back 22

Mycosel agar

Front 23

What are the antimicrobials are used as inhibitors incorporated into Mycosel agar for dermatophyte infections?

Back 23

Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide

Front 24

Hair, Skin, or Nail cultures must be incubated for _____ days at _____ °C:

Back 24

21 days at 30°C

Front 25

What is the principle of Stomacher?

Back 25

Extraction of cytoplasmic contents by pressure.

Front 26

All tissues must be processed by ________:

Back 26

Mincing or grinding

Front 27

Tissue, bone marrow, body fluids: what is the minimum volume of specimen should be spread on the surface of the media?

Back 27

At least 1mL

Front 28

Bone marrow cannot be placed DIRECTLY on the surface of the culture media. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 28

False. Bone marrow can be placed DIRECTLY on the surface of the culture media.

Front 29

Sterile body fluids must be centrifuged first and at least ___mL of specimen should be placed on the surface of the media:

Back 29

1mL

Front 30

Tissue, bone marrow, and body fluid cultures must be incubated for ___ days at ___°C :

Back 30

21 days at 30°C

Front 31

For delayed processing of tissue specimens, what should we add to them:

Back 31

Add sterile NSS.

Front 32

Are agar slants recommended?

Back 32

Yes.

Front 33

Protein, fats and polysaccharides are solubilized by which chemical?

Back 33

KOH (10%-30%)

Front 34

Which chemical clears cellular materials and is used for rapid detection of fungal elements?

Back 34

KOH (10%-30%)

Front 35

What makes a fungal cell wall an alkali resistant?

Back 35

Glucans and chitins

Front 36

Gentle heating and warming makes the reaction slow WITH 10-30% KOH. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 36

False! Gentle heating and warming fastens the reaction with 10-30% KOH.

Front 37

What is referred to as the optical brightener dye used as whitening agent in textile and paper industry?

Back 37

Calcofluor white stain

Front 38

What are being blinded by calcofluor white stain?

Back 38

Cellulose and chitin

Front 39

Calcofluor white stain is used for rapid detection of fungal elements except in vaginal secretions. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 39

True

Front 40

Which stain is used for the detection of C. neoformans in CSF?

Back 40

Alcian Blue

Front 41

Which stain is used:

Back 41

Calcofluor white stain

Front 42

Which stain is used for the detection of Mycobacteria and Nocardia?

Back 42

Acid Fast stain

Front 43

Which stain is used for the examination of bone marrow and blood smear?

Back 43

Giemsa stain

Front 44

Identify the stain used:

Back 44

Alcian Blue

Front 45

Identify the stain used:

Back 45

Acid fast stain

Front 46

Identify the stain used:

Back 46

Giemsa stain

Front 47

What are some Fungi that stain weakly in Gram stain?

Back 47

- Cryptococcus

- Nocardia

Front 48

Identify the stain used:

Back 48

India Ink

Front 49

Which stain is used for the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF?

Back 49

India Ink

Front 50

Which stain is positive in <50% cases of meningitis?

Back 50

India Ink

Front 51

Which stain is not sensitive in HIV-infected patients?

Back 51

India Ink

Front 52

Which stain stain is used for the detection of Fungi in skin scrapings?

Back 52

Methylene Blue

Front 53

Identify the stain used:

Back 53

Methylene Blue

Front 54

Which stain is used for the detection of Fungi in histologic/tissue secretions?

Back 54

Methenamine Silver stain

Front 55

Identify the stain used:

Back 55

Methenamine Silver stain

Front 56

Identify the stain used:

Back 56

Methenamine Silver stain

Front 57

Which stain is used for the examination of malignant cells?

Back 57

Papanicolaou stain

Front 58

Identify the stain used:

Back 58

Papanicolaou stain

Front 59

Papanicolaou stain: fungal elements stain ________:

Back 59

Pink to blue

Front 60

Histochemical stain for glycogen:

Back 60

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain

Front 61

PAS stain: Hyphae and Yeasts stain ________

Back 61

Magenta/deep pink

Front 62

Identify the stain used:

Back 62

Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain

Front 63

Which stain is used for examination of bone marrow or PBS for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum and C. neoformans?

Back 63

Wright's stain

Front 64

Identify the stain used:

Back 64

Wright's stain

Front 65

Which stain is used with specimen done by adhesive tape preparation, by wet mount or microslide culture?

Back 65

Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain

Front 66

Identify the stain used :

Back 66

Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain

Front 67

In direct examination, fat droplets are often misidentified as _____:

Back 67

Yeast

Front 68

In direct examination, collagen fibers are often misidentified as _____:

Back 68

Nocardia filaments

Front 69

What is the sufficient amount of specimen to inoculate 3-4 media for Fungal culture?

Back 69

1-2mL

Front 70

How long should dermatophytes fungi be cultured?

Back 70

At least 2 weeks

Front 71

How long should opportunistic fungi be cultured?

Back 71

Less than a week

Front 72

How long should Systemic Fungi be cultured?

Back 72

- 4-6 weeks;

- If H. capsulatum is suspected L, up to 12 weeks.

Front 73

What to do to prevent dehydration of fungal cultures?

Back 73

Make a thick volume of agar, inside plastic bag

Front 74

How ofter should fungal cultures be observed to monitor growth?

Back 74

Every 2-3 days - wait up to full term of incubation.

Front 75

What is the primary recovery media of saprobic and pathogenic Fungi?

Back 75

Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA)

Front 76

Enumerate all Primary recovery media:

Back 76

- BHIA

- BHI w/ antibiotics

- BHI blood culture

- Inhibitory mold agar

- Mycosel or mycobiotic agar

- SABHI

- Potato flake agar

- Yeast extract PO4 agar

Front 77

What is the primary recovery media for Fungi exclusive of dermatophytes?

Back 77

BHI w/ antibiotics

Front 78

What is the primary recovery media for Fungi from blood?

Back 78

BHI biphasic in blood culture bottle

Front 79

Identify the media:

Back 79

BHI for blood culture

Front 80

Identify the media:

Back 80

SABHI

Front 81

Which agar is used for recovering Fungi exclusive of dermatophytes?

Back 81

Inhibitory Mold Agar

Front 82

Which agar is used to recover saprobic and pathogenic Fungi?

Back 82

Potato flake agar

Front 83

Identify the media:

Back 83

Potato flake agar

Front 84

Identify the media:

Back 84

Dermatophyte test medium

Front 85

Identify the media :

Back 85

Inhibitory Mold agar

Front 86

Fungal culture media that is said to be the primary recovery of dermatophytes?

Back 86

Mycosel or Mycobiotic agar

Front 87

Identify the media :

Back 87

Mycobiotic agar

Front 88

Identify the media :

Back 88

SABHI

Front 89

Identify the media :

Back 89

Yeast extract agar

Front 90

Enumerate all the differential test media for Fungal culture:

Back 90

- Ascospore agar

- Corn meal agar

- Cottonseed conversion agar

- Czapek's agar

- Niger seed agar

- Potato dextrose agar

- Rice medium

- Trichophyton agar

- Urea agar

-Yeast fermentation broth/Yeast nitrogen base

Front 91

Which agar is used for the detection of Ascospores in ascoporogenous yeast such as Saccharomyces sp.

Back 91

Ascospore agar

Front 92

Which agar is used for the identification of C. albicans by chlamydospore production? Also used in identification of C. albicans;

Back 92

Corn meal Agar w/ Tween 80 and Tryptan Blue

Front 93

Which agar is used for the conversion of Dimorphic fungus B. dermatitis from mold to yeast form?

Back 93

Cottonseed Conversion agar

Front 94

Which agar is used for the recovery and differential identification of Aspergillus sp.?

Back 94

Czapek's agar

Front 95

Identify the media:

Back 95

Czapek's agar

Front 96

Which agar is used for the identification of of C. neoformans?

Back 96

Niger Seed agar

Front 97

Which agar is used for the detection of nitrate reduction in confirmation of Cryptococcus sp.?

Back 97

Nitrate reduction medium

Front 98

Which agar is used for the demonstration of pigment production by T. rubum; preparation of microslide culture?

Back 98

Potato dextrose agar

Front 99

Identify the media :

Back 99

Potato dextrose agar

Front 100

Which medium is used for the identification of M. audounii?

Back 100

Rice medium

Front 101

Which agar is medium is used for the identification of members of Trichophyton genus?

Back 101

Trichophyton agar 1-7

Front 102

Which medium is used for the detection of Cryptococcus spp. ; differentiate T. mentahrophytes from T. rubrum; and detection of Trichosporon spp.?

Back 102

Urea agar

Front 103

Identify the media :

Back 103

Trichophyton agar

Front 104

Which agar is used for the identification of Yeasts by determining carbohydrates assimilation?

Back 104

Yeas Nitrogen Base Agar

Front 105

Enumerate the general consideration for identification of molds:

Back 105

- Growth rate

- Colonial morphologic features

- Microscopic morphologic features

Front 106

Which stain is used to examine fungal culture microscopically?

Back 106

Lactophenol Cotton blue

Front 107

For skin scrapings, why do we scrape active edge center?

Back 107

It heals first

Front 108

For skin scraping and nail clippings/shavings, what is the concentration of ROH we use to clean the site?

Back 108

70% ROH

Front 109

Nail clippings/shavings : what is the direction?

Back 109

From proximal to distal

Front 110

Debris under nail plate should not be included in the specimen being collected. (TRUE or FALSE)

Back 110

False! Debris under nail plate should also be collected.

Front 111

Nail clippings/shavings: why do we prefer small clippings?

Back 111

For easier KOH digestion.

Front 112

Nail clippings/shavings: how long will digestion take using 10-30% KOH?

Back 112

Overnight.

Front 113

What do we use to collect subungual debris?

Back 113

1 mm curette

Front 114

What is the ideal type of sputum specimen for Fungal culture?

Back 114

1st morning sputum; after brushing & mouthwash

Front 115

Is sputum specimen collected 73 hrs ago still acceptable?

Back 115

No.

Front 116

Hair specimen collection: why do we use woods lamp?

Back 116

We examine scalp with wood's lamp for fluorescing hair.

Front 117

Tissue specimen collection: why must specimen consist of normal tissue and both center and edge lesion?

Back 117

Center lesion: diagnosis of H. capsulatum infection

Edge lesion: diagnosis of B. dermatitidis infection

Front 118

Is 24hr urine acceptable?

Back 118

No.

Front 119

Do we accept urine specimens from catheter bag?

Back 119

No.

Front 120

Aralin n'yo nalang 'to. Hirap n'ya gawan ng tanong HAHAHAHA

Back 120

apakahaba naman kasi ng PPT

Front 121

What is the font color used in the last slide?

Back 121

Black