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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutation means....
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change
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Name the two main types of mutation....
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gene
chromosome |
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Name the two types of gene mutation.....
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point mutation
frameshift mutation |
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Point mutations occur by what being substituted?
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nucleotide substitutions
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point mutation resulting in 1 AA substituting for another AA
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missense
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point mutation resulting in AA codon substituting for a stop codon (longer protein than normal)
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sense
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point mutation where stop codon is substituted for a AA codon (shorter protein than normal)
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nonsense
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DNA change = mRNA change=AA change= protein change= possible defect
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frameshift mutation
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four main types of chromosome mutations
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deletion
duplication inversion translocation |
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deleting part of a chromosome (can be serious)
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deletion
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duplicating part of a chromosome
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duplicating (insertion)
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parts exchange places on same chromosome (least serious)
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inversion
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parts exchange on non-homologous chromosomes
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translocation
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mutagens are....
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factors that cause mutations
ex. radiation |
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process where energy travels through space
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radiations
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unstable, highly reactive molecules formed when ionizing radiation reacts with water
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free radicals
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chemicals that cause mutations in embryos and fetuses....
ex...alcohol, nicotine, viruses |
teratogens
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what guards cells against free radicals?
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antioxidants
ex. folic acid |
