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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oboes, bassoons and saxophones are all open-closed instruments, but why do they overblow at the octave? |
They have conical bores and are able to recover a full harmonic series |
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Why can conical bores recover a full harmonic series and what effect does it have on the air column resonance? |
in the conical end of a tube the sound waves are able to spread laterally and so the environment where reflection is possible happens a lot sooner than when the wave would reach the physical end of the tube. The different penetration lengths mean that the instrument has harmonically related air column resonances. |
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why are high notes difficult to play on a conical bore instrument? |
because the conditions for reflection at high frequencies are never met. |
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How does the mouthpiece of a brass instrument affect the tone of an instrument? |
The cup and throat of a mouthpiece created a helmholtz resonator. Thus a large cup creates a mellow sound while a small cup creates a bright sound. |
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How does the flare of an instrument affect tone quality? |
A broad flare creates a mellow sound while a tight flare creates a bright sound |
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How does the voice work? |
The vocal-fold (commonly known as the vocal chords) act much like the vibrating lips of a brass player. The vocal tract resonances act as an acoustical filter to modify the sound generated by the vocal folds and forms various vowel sounds |
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what is the main difference between the female and male vocal tract? |
females have vocal chords that are about 9 to 13 mm long and men's are about 15 to 20 mm long. this is mainly responsible for the difference in pitch. |
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what is the opening between the vocal fold called? |
The glottis |
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how do we control pitch in our voices? |
By controlling the rate that air flows through the vocal fold |
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how can the vocal tract be compared to the bore profile of a wind instrument? |
it can be adjusted by changing the shape of the pharyngeal and oral cavities and the nasal cavity which can be shut off |
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what are the vocal tract resonances known as? |
formants |
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gives examples of how different vowel sounds have an effect on the spectra |
'ee' sounds are rich in high frequency harmonics, but 'oo' sounds are devoid of them |
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what is the singers formant? |
it increases the power of radiated harmonics in the 2.5 to 3.0 kHz range by using a lower larynx than in speech |
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why is there an issue of vowel interpretation as female singers rise in pitch? |
as the pitch rises the fundamental frequency can exceed the range of the first formant meaning it's hard to distinguish |
