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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Explain the origin of the term "Baroque
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Portuguese for "pearl of irregular shape" (barroco).
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The great supply of these pearls led to extravgance in jewelry and clothing decoration and was reflected in music as well.
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Barouque Era Time Period
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1600-1750 End of the Renaissance to death of J. S. Bach.
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The Barouque Period was an AGE of ____________
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Reason
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Collegium Musicum
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The middle classas created a culture of their own. Their music took place in the home, church, and university.
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The Baroque Period was an ___________ Monarchy
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Absolute
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The Baroque Period was and Age of ________________
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Expansion.
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First settlement in America (Jamestown VA; Pilgrams (Mayflower) at plymouth.
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Harpsichord
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Popular keyboard instrument in which the sound was produced by means of quills or plectrums plucking the strings.
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Plectrums were made of ivory, wood or leather
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Organ
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Continued to serve as the main instrument of the church.
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What group of artists, musicians and writers resurrected the Musical-Dramatic-Art of ancient Greece
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Florentine Camarate.
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What new style featured the solo song with instrumental accompaniment.
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Monody. Literall meaning "one song". First cultivated by a group of florentine writers, artist, and musicians.
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What Doctrine created the integration of text and music.
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Doctrine of Affections
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Word/text painting where the music mirrors the words.
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What system was established in the Baroque era, as was the Equal Temperament tuning system
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Major-Minor-Tonality
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Two major Baroque Period composers are?
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George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach.
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Harmony was notated with what short hand style allowed a performer to sullpy the chords through Improvisation.
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Figured Bass. The basso continuo was often played by two instruments (Harpsichord and Cello, fo example).
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What was J. S. Bach most important work?
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Well-Tempered Clavier. Know for choral and instrumental music (especially sacred music)
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Opera had its origins in a group know as the _____________ ______________. This group revived the plays, tragedies, mythological stories and art of ancient Greece.
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Florentine Camerata.
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Electronic Organ
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Uses electro-magnetic system to open and close the pipes
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Tracker Organ
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Uses levers and rods to physically open and close pipes
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Console
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The part of the organ where the organist plays the manuals
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Stops
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(knobs and buttons) – adds or cancels pipes electronically or physically.
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Pedalboard
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Keyboard for the feet
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Expression Pedals
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Operated by the feet; opens and closes the shutters to control the volume of the pipes
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Shutters
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They are controlled by the expression pedals and open and close, thereby controlling the volume of the organ pipes
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Manuals
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Keyboards
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What was the tuning system created in the Baroque Period called that allowed instruments to play in different "Key Signatures" without having to retune when a piece of music was in a different key.
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Equal Temperament
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What composer proved the the new tuning system would work when he wrote the Well Tempered Clavier?
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J. S. Bach
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What is a Castrato singer
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A male singer that was castrated during boyhood in order to preserve the soprano or alto register of his voice for the rest of his life.
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Improvisation
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Musicians added their own embellishments to what was written down.
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Exoticism
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Voyges of exploration into unknown regions of the globe. operas looked to far away lands for their settings.
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The text of the opera is called the ________ and is written by an __________
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Libretto and written by a Librettist.
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What is Aria
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Italian for Air
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What is Da Capo Aria
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Ternary or A-B-A form that brings back the first section with embellishments improvised by the soloist.
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Why was the period of time 1600-1750 named the Baroque period.
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It was named after the Baroque pearls that were in abundence during this time.
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What is a Acoustion
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Means Acustics. A person who study the mathmatical and love of music.
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What is the structure of Da Capo Aria
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Ternary or A-B-A form that brings back the first section with embellishments improvised by the soloist.
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Operas frequently open with an instrumental introduction called the ____________
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Overture.
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The medieval church modes gradually gave way to the _________ and ________ scales of the Baroque Period.
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Major and Minor Scales.
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The tuning before the Equal Teamperament Tuning was called _________?
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Just Tuning/Temperament.
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The two types of scales considered for the Baroque period were?
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Diatonic and Chomatic.
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What is the tonic chord
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Built on the first scale tone, is the home base to which active chords need to resolve.
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Dominant Chord
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It is the fifth note of each scale.
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Chord
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Three or more notes sounded at the same time.
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What is Modulation
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Starting on one tonic and changing to another key during the piece of music.
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What is a Diatonic Scale
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A major or minor scale using the 7 tones of the respective scale ♦ Major scale ♦ Minor scale
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What is a Chromatic Scale
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12 half-steps that span the octave
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A popular keyboard instrument in which the sound was produced by means of quills or plectrums plucking the strings; plectrums were made of ivory, wood or leather
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Harpsichord
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The _______ continued to serve as the main instrument of the church.
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Organ
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Two major Baroque Period composers are _______ and?
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George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach.
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What type of music was Johann Sebastian Bach know for?
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Known for choral and instrumental music (especially sacred music)
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Johann Sebastian Bach proved that the "new" tuning system would work when he wrote the?
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“Well-Tempered Clavier” --- 48 preludes and fugues - two in every major and minor key.
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Volume or dynamic contrasts were achieved by adding or subtracting the number of instruments and/or singers was called what?
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Terraced Dynamics
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Concertino means?
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Concertino (soft volumes) or small group.
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Ripieno or tutti means what?
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Large group -- ripieno or tutti (loud volumes)
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A new accompaniment style called ______ ___ was developed during the Baroque Period.
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Figured Bass.
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It used a single line of music (in the bass line or clef) with numbers under the notes so the keyboard player could determine which notes to play in order to fill out the chord structure. This became known as "realizing” the figured bass.
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Generally two musicians one playing the bass line (i.e., cello or bassoon) and the keyboard playing the chords realized from the figured bass was called what?
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Basso Continuo.
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In England; a type of entertainment that combined vocal and instrumental music with poetry and dance
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Masque
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A lyrical song that provides the opportunity for emotional expression in the Opera, Oratorio and Cantata is?
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Aria
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Opera, oratorio and cantata soloists are generally featured in what two styles of singing?
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Aria and Recitative
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A more disjunct song whose rhythm is fitted to the inflection of the text (frequently half spoken and half sung)?
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Recitative
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A scaled-down version of opera that was performed in churches rather that concert halls was called what?
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Oratorio
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It took the place of the opera during the Lenten season and was based on Biblical texts; no scenery or costumes
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A sacred choral piece of music accompanied by harpsichord, organ or small orchestra (or all); generally no scenery or props was called what?
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Cantata
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The ______ ______was frequently based on a chorale (or hymn) that was used in the worship service.
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Chorale Prelude
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What was a kind of hymn for congregational use, developed by Martin Luther; continues to be a major part of worship in Protestant churches
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Chorale
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The master of the Baroque English oratorio was whom? What was his most famous oratorio?
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George Frideric Handel and his most famous oratorio
the “Messiah”. |
King George stood during the halalieua chours starting a tradition.
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Italian serious (tragic) opera is called what?
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Opera Seria No Speaking
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Italian comic opera is called what?
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Opera Buffa No speaking
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French comic opera is called what (has some spoken dialogue)?
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Opera Comique
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The text of Messiah written by George Frideric Handel is taken directly from the?
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Bible. King George stood during the halalieua chours starting a tradition.
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Name two differences between the opera and the cantata.
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No scenery or costumes.
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The word Fugue is from what Latin word?
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Flight
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A play or story (frequently based on Greek writings) set to music and sung to orchestral accompaniment with scenery, costumes and action is called what?
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Opera
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What is Based on the contrast between a small group of instruments concertino) and a larger group (ripieno or tutti)?
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Concerto Grosso
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The tempo markings for the three movements of a concerto grosso are fast-slow-fast or A-B-A structure
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What features a soloist or small group (ensemble) which is the concertino and the full orchestra is the ripieno or tutti section
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Solo Concerto
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The main theme of a Fugue is know as the?
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Subject
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A refrain or section of music that returns again and again in alternation with the concertino (soloist or solo group) is called what?
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Ritornello
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What is: Antonio Vivaldi -- “The Four Seasons” - 4 movements or sections each representing the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, Winter) – example of “word painting” since this piece of music was based on a poem.
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Concerto
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French Overtures form
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Form was fast slow
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Italian Overtures form
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Form was fast slow fast
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What term refers to the three printed staves in a music composition
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Trio Sonata referes to the number of parts rather than to the number of players.
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A series of dances usually in the same key is called what?
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Suite
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A form based on a reapeated bass line melody or ground bass is called what?
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Passacaglia
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A work for two violins or other melody instruments and basso continuo is called what?
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Trio Sonata
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What is based on the use of one instrument?
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Solo Concerto
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Who is the Father of the Ritornello Form?
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Antonio Vivaldi
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Why is it called water music?
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Look it up
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