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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lied, "Berlin" School
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- "Berlin" School (Northern Germany)
- strophic - Johann von Goetrie--text more important than music |
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Lied, Vienna
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- Southern Germany
- Beethoven |
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Lied, Beethoven
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- not very important as a lieder composer
- Northern Germany style - simple and direct - "To the distant Beloved,"--the first song cycle |
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Franz Shubert (1797-1828)
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- most influential lieder of the 19th c.
- wrote over 800 songs - considered greatest songwriter of all time - establishes the art song as a 19th c. genre - 3rd relation modulation - attracted to subjects with nature - accompaniments have a descriptive quality |
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strophic
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- same melody to each verse of text
- Heidenroslein |
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modified strophic
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- significant changes usually related to the text
- change the melody or the accompaniment - change the key (major/minor) - Gretchen und Spinnrade |
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scena type
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- used for longer text
- piece is organized into sections (tempo, key changes) - music alternates between 2 writings for voice - Der Wanderer |
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through-composed style
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- music changes throughout whole song
- Ballad style - similar to scena but not divided into sections - usually telling a story |
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Der Erlkonig
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- narrator starts/ ends the piece
- 3 characters: - father (low register) - son (higher tenor, minor) - King (pianissimo, major) |
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Science and the Irrational
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- 19th c. as an important era of discovery
- simultaneous fascination with supernatural phenomenon - effort to find musical language capable of expressing new and strange ideas - led to expanded harmonic and melodic language and orchestral color |
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Nationalism and Internationalism
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- accentuation of national styles in music
- importance of native folk melodies as expression of the national soul - as a reaction to political suppression - use of exotique effects in works for picturesque color |
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Melodic attributes of Schubert's Lieder
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-Folk melodies
-Romantic lyricism -dramatic works |
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Musical style of Schubert's Lieder
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-harmonic color
-modulations and tonality underline drama of a song text -chromatic coloring within a prevailing diatonic sound -typical modulations (tonic to flat-key) |
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Schubert's piano accompaniment
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-pictorial qualities
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Formal Elements
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-strophic form
-modified strophic form -through-composed settings |
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Schumann's Lieder
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-Schumman's 1st publ. songs appear in 1840
-love for literature, specific about text |
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Brahm's Lieder
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-importance of folk songs
-harmonically more dissonant and darker |
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Gretchen und Spinnrade
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- Schubert
- specific instruments to to make sound of spinning wheel - sudden stops/repeating notes, suggest particular feelings |
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Der Erlkonig
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- Schubert
- uses narrator to speak to the audience |
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Der Freischutz
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- Weber
- includes magic forests, curses, magic bullets - stress on the SUPERNATURAL |
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Tristan und Isolde
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- Wagner
- gesamptkunstwerk - 2-fold nature of drama |
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when was the piano invented?
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- Bartolomeo Cristofori
- 1720's |
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Medieval Dates
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400-1400
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Renaissance Dates
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1400-1600
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Baroque Dates
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1600-1750
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Bach Dates
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1685-1750
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Handel Dates
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1685-1759
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Classical Dates
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1750-1800
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Haydn Dates
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1732-1809
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Mozart
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1756-1791
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Beethoven Dates
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- 1st Period Classical (1776-1802)
- 2nd Period Romantic (1803-1813) - 3rd Period Romantic (1818-1827) |
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Romantic Dates
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1800-1900
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Schubert Dates
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1797-1828
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Schuman Dates
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1810-1856
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Brahms Dates
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1833-1897
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Wagner
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1813-1883
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Verdi
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1813-1901
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Venetian School
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- composers working in Venice from around 1550-1620
- innovations help define the end of musical Renaissance to begining of Baroque - development of polychoral style - housed St. Marks Cathedral - founded originally by Adrian Willaert - Andrea & Giovanni Gabrieli - |
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Gabrieli's and the Venetian School
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- marked the peak of development
- wrote works for multiple choirs, brass, string and organ - works were first to include dynamics first to include specific instrumentation |
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Symphony of Psalms
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- Igor Stravinsky
- best represent neo-classicist style - composed for choir and orchestra - performed in Latin - 1st mvt=prelude - 2nd mvt=double fugue - 3rd mvt="Ascension" |
