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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rhythm
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organization of sounds in time; includes tempo, meter, note durations
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tempo
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speed of basic beat
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meter
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patterned groupings of beats
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simple meter vs. compound meter
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2 parts; 3 parts
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pitch
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highness or lowness of sound; use A-G
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frequency
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scientific term for pitch
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vocal ranges
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soprano, alto, tenor, bass
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tonality
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employed in most Western music composed between 1600 and 1900; general system of musical organization around a tonic pitch
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key
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a specific set of pitches organized around a tonic
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modulation
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process of changing from one key to another
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dynamic
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how loud/soft; ff, f, mf, fp, p, pp
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amplitude
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scientific term for dynamic
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rythmic shape
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direction a melody takes as it turns upward or downward or remains static
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texture
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relationships among simultaneously occurring musical events
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homophony
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one main melody with supordinate accompanimant OR all parts have same rhythm
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form
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repeating (AA) variation (AA') or contrast (AB)
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most Baroque musicians were employed by...
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aristocratic courts or the church
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early Baroque peroid
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17th century, earliest operas
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Baroque operas grew out of
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Renaissance Humanist desire to bring back Greek music, present poetic texts dramatically
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aesthetic aim of late Baroque music
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1700-1750; move the passions; keep listener in a single frame of mind by having one musical idea thru tight form; tension between STRONG EMOTION and TIGHT FROM
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Doctrine of the Affections
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one musical idea in tight form
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Baroque music appealed to... and represented...
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educated according to Western thought; European belief in human reason, emotional expression was built into music
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opera
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drama set to music
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aria
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musically elaborate, highly structured pieces for soloist and orchestra
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recitative
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a simple, less structured musical style for soloist and basso continuo, highly dependent on word-rhythm; Greek power
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ground bass
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repeating pattern of pitches, used to organize a piece of music
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basso continuo
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several instruments all play the same bass line, and some add imporvised chords
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da capo aria from
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ABA'
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fugue
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systematic imitative polyphony used to organize a piece
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concerto... individual movements based on...
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3-movement piece for orchestra and soloist; ritornello-solo form (orchestra plays ritornellos) with multiple musical ideas, organized by key structure
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Viennese music... Vienna composers...
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Classical period music; in lit Greeks and Romans were emulated; Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
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asthetic aim of Classical-period music
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Enlightenment principles, to please and delight EVERYONE
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bourgeoisie
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middle class
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Classical-period musical elements
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homophony with strong melodies and strong harmony; frequent starts and stops; various musical ideas
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Classical-period appealed to
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educated European audience with principles of Western though; belief in human reason; emotional expression built into music
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opera and oratorio, Classical composers used
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aria and recitative same way Baroque composers had
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plot of Marriage of Fiagaro reflects
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waning of aristocracity in late 18th cent; realistic characters and situations, but still FORMAL POETRY
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Classical-peroid orchestras
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30-45 players total; strings provide core sound; winds add variey in timbre
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timbre
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tone color; specific to actual instrument; size, shape, proportions
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sonata form
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MOVEMENT 1; based on dramatic opposition of 2 keys; deal with exposition, development, recapitulation
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sanota form: exposition
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presentation of 2 keys
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sanota form: development
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harmonic instability
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sanota form: recapitulation
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key conflic resolved
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minuet and trio from
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MOVEMENT 3; minuet (AA BA'BA') - trio (CC DC'DC') - minuet (ABA')
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Beethoven's music
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intended for concert halls; attention to timbre and replacement of Minuet and Trio by Scherzo
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scherzo
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3/4 meter; scherzo - tri - scherzo faster pace and vigorous rhythm
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Symphony No. 5
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created mounmentality; longer movements; join scherzo and finale = cohesive, dramait opposition of minor and major modes
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Begli occhi
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Strozzi; second half of 17th
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dido and aeneas
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Purcell; second half of 17th
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Messiah
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Handel; first half of 18th
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spring
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Vivaldi; first half of 18th
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C-minor prelude; the well-tempered clavier
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Bach; first half of 18th
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Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
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Mozart; second half of 18th
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Marriage of Fiago
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Mozart; second half of 18th
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Symphony No. 5
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Beethoven; fist half of 19th
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