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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pythagoras |
(6th cent. BCE) Discovered harmonic ratios governing the perfect (Pythagorean) consonances, led to using measurements in music (i.e pitch ratios are equal intervals and durations ratios are rhythms)
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Gregory the great |
(6th century) Legend has it the entire legacy of the Roman Church was created by St. Gregory, people believe he is the composer of Gregorian chant, but there were not ways to notate melodies in his time
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St. Benedict |
(480-547) Regula Monachourm, an influential set of rules that governed daily life in his monastery; widely adopted elsewhere as the rule of St. Benedict
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Boethius |
(ca 480 to 524) Roman who wrote about the Greeks; his writing, De institutione musica was used by Medievalists (early 6th cent.); Made Gregorian chant popular in monasteries
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Guido of Arezzo |
(990-1033) Invented solfege, credited with the Guidonian hand, wrote Micrologus, specialized in training choir boys, used hymn ut queant laxis (hexachord)
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Hildegard Von Bingen |
(12th century) Abbess and composer, known for Epistle 47 (angry letter), wrote Symphony of the Harmony of Heavenly Revelations, wrote liturgical dramas and songs with large ranges and intervallic leaps; had lyrics full of imagery
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William IX |
first troubadour (late11th/early 12th century)
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Bernart de Ventadorn |
wrote can vei la lauzeta mover, a canso from the 12th century, the lark flutters his wings, he started the trouvere tradition after moving to Eleanor's court
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Richard the Lion Heart |
wrote chanson de geste (12th century), fought the turks for jerusalem, no captive can tell his story
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Moniot'D Arras |
(d. 1239) wrote ce fut en mai (in the month of may)
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Adam de La Halle |
(d. 1307) first trouvere to write multi-part polyphony music, aka Adam the hunchback (who didn’t have a hunchback) One of the composers of Arras. Wrote play of robin and marian (earliest secular play)
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Anonymous IV |
wrote “de mensuris et discantu” = on rhythmic notation and discant. Student’s notes that tell us everything we know about Notre Dame Composers.
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Leoninus |
(fl. 1169-1201). Best organista. Magnus liber organi = 100 two voice organa.
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Perotinus |
(fl. 1198-1236). Best discantor. “Better than Leoninus.” Replaced some of Leoninus’ Clausula with his own.
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Johannes de Groucheio
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ars musicae, classification of functions of different genres of music. Supreme genre = motet.
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Franco of Cologne |
(1280) first mensural notation, mix of context and intrinsic, uses longa/breves in english: that jerk created frankonian notation.
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Phillipe De Vitry |
Tribum/Quoniam/Merito (we deserve what we get), Isorhythmic Motet, the ars nova
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Rule of St. Benedict |
(480-547) aka Regula Monachourm, an influential set of rules that governed daily life in his monastery; widely adopted elsewhere as the rule of St. Benedict
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De institutione musica |
written by Boethius, (written sometime between 480 and 524); consists largely of translations from earlier Greek influenced writers; became the source of Medieval scholar’s knowledge of Greek music theory. Contained musica mundana, humana and instrumentalis.
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Micrologus |
written by Guido of Arezzo, discussed the organum, manual on the rudiments of music theory (1028)
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Musica enchiriadis and Scola enchiriadis
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(9th c) early books on how to do polyphony.handbook of music & commentary on handbook
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Ars cantus mensurabilis
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Written by Franco of Cologne (1280) Franconian Notation.
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Ars novae musicae
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(1322-23) Jehan des Muir (The Art of New Music) and Ars Nova - teachings of de Vitry (The New Art) two treatsies that show how to do ars nova notation
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Roman de Fauvel
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(1316) Earliest Ars Nova Motet. poem written by Gerves de Bus. Tells a story through multimedia (poems, music, MOTETS-de Vitry) denouncing contemporary offence through satirical allegory. Vices = Flattery, Averice, Villiany, Duplicity, Envy, Indolence.
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shawm |
ye olde oboe
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hurdy gurdy |
turned w/ crank
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psaltery
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zither played with a bow
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tranverse flute |
a wooden flute held horizontally like a modern onepipe and tabor - flute/recorder + drum
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vielle |
precursor to fiddle
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Carole
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circle dance usually accompanied w/ song from france
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estambie
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dance w/ many sections
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Gregorian Chant and the Liturgy (Mass and Office)
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Mass-
Ordinary: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei, Dismissal- Proper: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Offertory, Communion Office- Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, Compline Gegorian Chant - St. Gregory, not written down“a little bird told me” |
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Troubadour and Trouvère Traditions
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William IX = first trobadorFrench poet knights in the 11/12 cent
motivations: knoble women, honor pastorella - Marcabru chanson de geste chanson de toile - lady POVex: achantar countess de dia guilliam Machaut- the last troubador Bernart ->trouvere SOUTH SIDE, france war, fighting, VALOR |
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Development of Polyphony
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handbook of music & commentary on handbook (9th century)Winchester Tropers (1066)
-On Making Organum (11 c) -parallel 4th & 5ths -avoid tritones Discant-Chartes-discant nunc judei = earliest legible polyphony Adam de la Halle - d1307 = first trouvere to write multi-part polyphony music Notre Dame Anonymous IV wrote about petronious&leonious Grouchio- motets are for the wealthy De Vitry- wrote the Isometric rhythm GUIDO = created staff, & solfege no intrinsic value for rhythm, just figure out pattern Motet - 13th century, Paris organum -free & discant Franconian Notation (1280) Perotian Notation more recent |
